【形容词副词考点导向】
考向1 形容词在句中的所修饰的词及形容词的特殊用法
1．作定语。形容词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。如：
I have something important to say.我有重要的事情要说。
2．作表语。形容词作表语时，放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be，become，get，make，turn，keep，feel，look，seem，smell，sound，taste等。如：
He looks happy today.今天他看起来很开心。
3．作宾语补足语。形容词作宾语补足语时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质、状态或身份等。如：
He always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。
4．注意事项
(1)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：
It's about two thousand meters long.它大约两千米长。
(2)只能作表语的形容词
afraid害怕的，alone独自的，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，well健康的，ill病的，frightened害怕的
(3)特例清单
①有些形容词貌似副词。如：
friendly(友好的)，lively(生动的)，lonely(孤独的)，lovely（可爱的)等。
②有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：
We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。
③enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：
She is old enough to look after herself.她够大可以照顾她自己。
Don't worry.We have enough time.不要担心，我们有足够的时间。
④多个形容词作定语时，通常按“性质→大小(长短、高低、形状等)→年龄/新旧→颜色→国籍(地区、出处等)→材料”的顺序排列。如：
long black hair黑色的长发
a large yellow Chinese coat一件黄色的中国式大衣
5. 形容词常用句型
1).It’s + adj. + of + sb. + 不定式 = Sb + be + adj. + to do sth
表示“某人（做某事）怎么样” ，这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。
It’s very kind of you to help me = You are very kind to help me.
2).It’s + adj. + for + sb. + 不定式 = To do sth. is adj for sb.
表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”，这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. = To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.
3).表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式。
I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
4).表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
考向2
考向3 常见的以ly结尾的副词（黑体出现在完形填空的考题中）
副词
词义
副词
词义
directly
直接地
clearly
清楚地
finally
最后,最终
happily
快乐地
especially
尤其是,特别是
heavily
沉重地;剧烈地
exactly
确切地
highly
高度地
immediately
立刻，马上
carefully
仔细地
probably
也许,可能
quietly
安静地
completely
完全地
sadly
悲伤地
normally
一般地
slowly
缓慢地
certainly
确定地
luckily
幸运地
gradually
逐渐地
nervously
焦急地
suddenly
突然地
politely
礼貌地
really
真正地
quickly
快速地
possibly
可能地
peacefully
平静地
actually
实际上
silently
沉默地
patiently
耐心地
softly
温柔地
healthily
健康地
thankfully
感激地
comfortably
舒适地
loudly
大声地
busily
繁忙地
easily
容易地
badly
坏地
angrily
生气地
proudly
骄傲地
importantly
重要地
fast
快的
truly
真实地
考向4 常见的程度副词（黑体出现在完形填空的考题中）
程度副词
词义
程度副词
词义
almost
差不多
even
甚至
hardly
几乎不
enough
足够
often
经常
still
仍然
usually
通常
nearly
几乎
always
总是
only
仅仅
sometimes
有时
quite
非常
考向5 (形容词和副词的原级）
1.形容词和副词的原级
形容词和副词没有比较的对象。The horse is very strong.
2. 形容词和副词的原级的用法。
常用与修饰形容词、副词原级的有：as+形容词和副词的原级+as…； so,very,quite,too, pretty
Jack is as tall as Mike is.
3.比较级和最高级的构成
(1)比较级和最高级的构成：①单音节形容词和少数双音节形容词比较级的构成，一般在词尾加er或est;
②以e 结尾的加r,或 st,
③ 双写的加er,或est常见的词有 big; thin;red; sad; hot; fat; wet;
④部分双音节词和多音节词，一般在词前加more或most
⑤特殊情况。见下表
类别
构成方法
原级--比较级--最高级
单音节
词和少数
双音节词
直接在词尾加 er,est
clean-cleaner-cleanest
small--smaller--smallest
few--fewer--fewest
tall--taller--tallest
单音节
词和少数
双音节词
以不发音的字
母e结尾的加r,st
large- larger--largest
nice --nicer--nicest
单音节
词和少数
双音节词
以重读闭音节结尾,末
尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母,再加er,est
big--bigger--biggest
thin--thinner--thinnest
hot -- hotter - hottest
fat--fatter--fattest
辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加er,est
early-earlier-earliest
funny--funnier--funniest
happy-happier-happiest
部分双音节词和多音节词
有些双音节和多音词,在词前加more,most
popular--more popular--most popular
famous--more famous-- most famous
expensive--more expensive--most expensive
(2)比较等级的不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/ well
better
best
ill bad/ badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
far
farther/further
farthest/ furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
4.比较级的结构及用法
(1)形容词比较级用于对两者之间的人或事物进行比较，常用的结构为：A＋is＋比较级＋than＋B，表示“A比B更……”。
(2)修饰比较级的词常有：much，even，still，far，any，a little，a lot等修饰时，用形容词的比较级。
It’s much colder today than yesterday.
(3)“more and more＋多音节的形容词”表示“越来越……”。如：more and more beautiful越来越漂亮；比较级用and连接表示“越来越……”。如：younger and younger越来越年轻。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
(4)“the + 形容词比较级+主语+ 谓语，the + 形容词比较级+主语+ 谓语”表示越...就越...。
The more you are careful,the fewer you make mistakes
(5)“the+比较级+ of the two 表示两个中比较...的”
He is the cleverer of the two.
(6)“比较级+than any other + 单数名词=比较级+than the other + 复数名词”表示“比任何其他都...”
He is taller than any other student in the class.= He is taller than the other students in the class.
(7)Which is +比较级，A or B?
5.形容词的最高级的结构和用法
（1）主语+be + the + 最高级+三者或三者以上事物、人进行比较。
（2）最高级常与这些短语和词来判断： in； of；among； I’ve never met...
He is the best friend in my class.
（3） One of the +最高级；
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
（4） ...the 序数词 +最高级；
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
（5） Which /Who is +the 最高级，A ,B or C?
Who is the tallest, Jim, Ben or Mike?
注意：形容词的最高级加the,而副词不加the,形容性的物主代词不加the.
He sings most beautifully of the three.
用词的正确形式填空
1.This is one of the (big) rabbits in the world. He eats 12 carrots, six apples and two cabbages every day.
2.Sometimes walking is even than driving during the busy traffic time. （fast)
3.William Shakespear became a actor and wrote many great plays. (success)
4.Gina won the first prize in the singing competition. so she went home .( happy)
5. After a long walk, the little boy got tired and fell soon.（sleep）
6. —These tables are very nice. Which one would you like, madam?
—I’d like that brown one. It uses the space. （little）
7. To Kevin's , he found so many people playing beach volleyball in very hot weather. (surprised)
8.It’s not to make noise in the movie theater.（politeness）
9.We like our math teacher, because he is very to us.（friend）
10.Please read the message , so that we can hear you. （loud)
答案：biggest，faster， successful， happily， asleep， less, surprise, polite, friendly, aloud
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. (Lucky), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out (quick).
4. She is (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive (careful).
9. The earth we live on is (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second (large) island in China.
答案：1. Luckily 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest
判断下列句子正误，错误的请改正。
1.［误］ You can come to the doctor's at anytime.
［正］ You can come to the doctor's at any time.
［析］ anytime是副词， any time是短语，两者都表示任何时候。Any time前面常用at，而anytime不能用在at后面。可以用其他副词替代anytime，如quietly等，看语法是否正确
2.［误］ She said nearly nothing.
［正］ She said almost nothing.
［析］ nearly 与 almost的含意相近，在很多场合可以互换，但在否定词前用almost。
3.［误］ There are too much mistakes in your homework.
［正］ There are too many mistakes in your homework.
［析］ too much 后接不可数名词，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可数名词，much too 后面加形容词，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.
4.［误］ It is late enough that we can go home now.
［正］ It is late enough for us to go home now.
［析］ 要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构：for somebody to do something。
5.［误］ - How long does he write to his parents? - Once a week.
［正］ - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week.
［析］ 英文与中文表达法不同，隔多长时间办一次某事，实际上问的是该事发生的频率，所以要用how often。
6.［误］ He drove quickly his new car.
［正］ He drove his new car quickly.
［析］ 副词在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下几种用法：①实意动词之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. ② 在be动词之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. ③ 第一助动词之后，如：This book has almost been finished. ④ 在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can. 但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间，除非是宾语从句或是很长的名词词组作宾语
7.［误］ The children came late yesterday to the cinema.
［正］ The children came late to the cinema yesterday.
［析］ 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。
8.［误］ You have few new books, haven't you?
［正］ you have few new books, have you?
［析］ 英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个)；修饰不可数名词的有little (很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。
9.［误］ He spent quite little money on his food.
［正］ He spent quite a little money on his food.
［析］ quite a 为一固定用法，其意为"十分，相当，所以"。 quite a few＝many, quite a little＝much 而only a little＝little, only a few=few.
10.［误］ Please tell me where the shoes shop is?
［正］ Please tell me where the shoe shop is.
［析］ 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店，a fruit shop 水果店，a book shop 书店，a post office 邮局，a police station 警察局，a bus stop 汽车站
11.［误］ Don't afraid of that.
［正］ Don't be afraid of that.
［析］ afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有：
be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信
be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶be fond of 喜欢
12.［误］ We are yet in the classroom now.
［正］ We are already in the classroom now.
［析］ already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：
Did you finish it? No. not yet.
13.［误］ Look. Here comes he!
［正］ Look! Here he comes!
14.［误］ Look! Here the bus comes!
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!
［析］ 在句子开头用Here时，如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序，如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。
15.［误］ She is my older sister.
［正］ She is my elder sister.
［析］ elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而older, oldest 则是指岁数大多少，如：She is three years older than I.
16.［误］ I'm tired. I can't go further.
［正］ I'm tired. I can't go farther.
［析］ far有两个比较级 farther 较远的，further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.
17.［误］ He is very higher than I am.
［正］ He is much higher than I am.
［析］ much可以用来修饰比较级，而very则用来修饰形容词原级，如：I'm very tired.
18.［误］ She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［正］ She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［析］ enough 可以作名词用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。) 另外它可以作为形容词，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后，在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough 作为副词用，那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。
19.［误］ You can't be very careful.
［正］ You can't be too careful.
［析］ 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那对我来讲是太贵了。
20.［误］ He is good past fifty.
［正］ He is well past fifty.
［析］ well 作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地、远远地"，等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议；
He is well. He is good.
其实这两句都是正确的表达法，只不过其含意不同。He is well是"他身体不错"，而He is good 则为"他是个好人"。
21.［误］ She is not as half clever as her brother.
［正］ She is not half as clever as her brother.
［析］ 在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置 于第一个as之前。
22.［误］ He is same age as Tom.
［正］ He is the same age as Tom.
［析］ the same…as是固定的用法，其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。
23.［误］ I have less books than Tom.
［正］ I have fewer books than Tom.
［析］ less 是 little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。
24.［误］ The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.
［正］ The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.
［析］ as…as的用法要注意的是：①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级，而不可加比较级，也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词，这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定，如：He is as good as his friend.
25.［误］ The harder you study, and you can learn more.
［正］ The harder you study, the more you can learn.
［析］ 英文中如果要表达越来越怎样，在初中范围有两种表达法：①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more，这样的用法是：more and more 加形容词，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.
26.［误］ Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.
［正］ Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.
［析］ 在作比较时，英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词，应都用动名词，用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.
27.［误］ The girl is more cleverer than the boy.
［正］ The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.
［析］ clever有两个比较级：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。 clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处，如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。)
28.［误］ This book is one of the most useful dictionary.
［正］ This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.
［析］ 在one of 后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数。
29.［误］ This dictionary is the much best one of the English-Chinese dictionaries.
［正］ This dictionary is much the best one of the English-Chinese dictionaries.
［析］ 在修饰最高级时应用 far/by far/much 加the加最高级。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.
30.［误］ Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.
［正］ Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
［析］ 在比较级中表示比较对象时如用any other其后一般要加单数名词。
31.［误］ Most of stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most of the stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most stories in this book are written in English.
［析］ "大多数"一词的表达法有most of the +名词，或most+名词。当用前一种结构时，其后面的定冠词不可少。
32.［误］ The temperature of that room is higher than this room.
［正］ The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.
［析］ 比较级用于两句话之间时，比较的部分不可省略掉，但为了避免重复，一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词，而用those代替前面的复数名词，如：The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。
33.［误］ He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.
［正］ He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.
［析］ no more在现代英语中多译为："从此再也不会了"，如：His voice is no more here. 他已经去世了，他的声音不可能再出现了。而用no longer 表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句子的实际含意： This room is no cleaner than that one.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净) This room is not cleaner than that one,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净，一间不干净。)
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