英语阅读能力提升-研究发现:翻译难以表达出情绪词汇的真正含义

时间:23-06-26 网友

True meanings of words of emotion get lost in translation, study finds

The true meaning of words may be lost in translation, according to research suggesting the way people understand terms such as “anger” or “love” differs between languages. For example, while the concept of “love” is closely linked to “like” and “want” in Indo-European languages, it is strongly linked to “pity” in Austronesian languages.

Writing in the journal Science, Joshua Conrad Jackson and his colleagues from University of North Carolina Chapel Hill report how they carried out an analysis of 24 emotional concepts, such as anger, love and pride, across 2, 474 languages.

The team found emotion concepts across all language families tend to be grouped together based on whether they were positive or negative. Moreover, certain emotions such as grief and regret were commonly found to be linked in several different language families, with language families geographically closer showing greater similarities in meanings.

Nonetheless, there were variations. For example, the link between “fear” and “surprise” in Austronesian languages like Hawaiian is not evident in Tai-Kadai languages, spoken in South-East Asia and beyond, where “surprise” sits more closely with “want” and “hope”.

Jackson said the research suggested there may be no universal concepts of emotions. “People may universally have the experience of having their heart beat faster when threatened. However, there is variability in the way that we make meaning of that experience, ” he said, adding that such responses appear to be shaped by culture.



用 2474 种语言说爱你,意思可能都不一样

今日导读

提到描述情绪的词语,大家可能会毫不费力地想起“愤怒”、“喜爱”等等。然而你有没有想过,

这些词语在不同的语言中可能会有不同的意思。按照这种说法,“爱”和“love”也许就并非完全对等。

那这到底是怎么回事呢?今天这篇文章就通过一项研究给出了答案,让我们跟着 Daniel 老师一起来看

一下吧。

带着问题听讲解

·文中的 tend to 如何理解?

·文中提到了哪些语系?

·文中提到的研究有哪些结论?



正文

True meanings of words of emotion get lost in translation, study finds

研究发现:翻译难以表达出情绪词汇的真正含义

The true meaning of words may be lost in translation, according to research suggesting the way people understand terms such as “anger” or “love” differs between languages. For example, while the concept of “love” is closely linked to “like” and “want” in Indo-Europeanword/media/image1.jpeglanguages, it is strongly linked to “pity” in Austronesian languages.

word/media/image2.jpegword/media/image3.jpeg

有研究表明,在不同的语言中,人们理解“愤怒”或“爱”等情绪词汇的方式不同。根据该研究,翻译可能难以表达出词汇的真正含义。比如,在印欧语系中,“爱”的概念与“喜欢”和“渴望”紧密相连,而在南岛语系中,“爱”却和“同情”密切相关。

Writing in the journal Science, Joshua Conrad Jackson and his colleagues from Universityword/media/image4.jpegofword/media/image4.jpegNorthword/media/image4.jpegCarolinaword/media/image4.jpegChapelword/media/image4.jpegHill report how they carried out an analysis of 24 emotional concepts, such as anger, love and pride, across 2,474 languages.

约书亚·康拉德·杰克逊和他的同事来自北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校,他们在《科学》期刊上发表了一篇论文,报告了他们是如何针对 2474 种语言中的 24 个情绪概念展开分析的,这些概念包括愤怒、爱以及骄傲。

word/media/image5.gifThe team found emotion concepts across all languageword/media/image4.jpegfamilies tend to be grouped together based on whether they were positive or negative. Moreover, certain emotions such as grief and regret were commonly found to be linked in several different language families, with language families geographically closer showing greater similarities in meanings***.

word/media/image6.jpegword/media/image7.jpegword/media/image8.jpeg

该团队发现,各个语系中的情绪概念,往往会根据它们的词义是积极或者消极,而被划分到不同类别。而且他们发现,在几个不同的语系中,某些情绪(比如悲伤和后悔)通常是联系在一起的——地理分布上更邻近的语系在词义上更接近。



word/media/image9.gifNonetheless, there were variations. For example, the link between “fear” and “surprise” in Austronesian languages like Hawaiian is not evident in Tai-Kadai languages, spoken in South-East Asia and beyond, where “surprise” sits more closely with “want” and “hope”.

word/media/image10.jpegword/media/image11.jpegword/media/image12.jpeg

尽管如此,词义上的差异还是存在的。比如,在南岛语系语言(如夏威夷语)中,“害怕”和“惊奇”是联系在一起的,而在东南亚及其周边地区使用的壮侗语系中,这种联系就不太明显。在这些地方,“惊奇”和“渴望”、“希望”在意思上更接近。

word/media/image13.gifJackson said the research suggested there may be no universal concepts of emotions. “People may universally have the experience of having their heart beat faster when threatened. However, there is variability in the way that we make meaning of that experience,” he said, adding that such responses appear to be shaped by culture.

word/media/image14.jpegword/media/image15.jpegword/media/image16.jpegword/media/image17.jpeg

杰克逊表示,这项研究表明,世界通用的情绪概念可能并不存在。他说:“在受到威胁的时候,人们可能普遍会有心跳加速的体验。但是,我们理解这种体验的方式可能会有所不同。”他还补充说,文化似乎对这些反应产生了很大的影响。

内容拓展 word/media/image18.jpeg

Indo-European languages(印欧语系)

印欧语系是世界上第一大语系,包含四百多种语言,比如英语、德语、法语等。该语系分布区域广阔,使用者几乎遍及欧洲、亚洲、美洲以及大洋洲

word/media/image19.gif

University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校

北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校创建于 1789 年,是世界顶级研究型大学,也是美国历史上第一所公立大学。

word/media/image18.jpeg

language family(语系)

语言中最早出现的分类单元叫做语系,具有相同祖先的语言被归为一类。使用人口较多的语系有印欧语系、汉藏语系、尼日尔-刚果语系、亚非语系、南岛语系等。

withword/media/image20.jpeg复合结构(with + A + doing B )

这种“with + 名词性成分 + 动词现在分词”的结构说明,主句中出现的动作伴随着另一个动作出现。句子中的名词性成分 A 是 language families,后面的 geographically closer 是描述 A 的后置定语;而 doing B 对应的是 showing greater similarities,句子最后的 in meanings 属于状语。

word/media/image18.jpeg

Tai-Kadai languages(壮侗语系;壮侗语系的语言)

Tai 和 Kadai 都各是一类语言的名字。Tai 这类语言中最典型的是泰语,而 Kadai 则是另外一类很像 Tai 的语言。

Tai-Kadai 描述的是分布在东南亚以及我国南方一些少数民族聚集地的语言,其中就包括壮族和侗族的语言。因此,

Tai-Kadai languages 在中文里最常见的译名是“壮侗语系”。


重点词汇


be (closely) linked to

与...(紧密)相连

例句:Sugar is linked to many health problems.

Austronesian/ˌɑːstrəu'ni:ʒən/

adj. 太平洋中南诸岛的;南岛语系的

相关词汇:Austronesia(n. 太平洋南部诸岛)

词根词缀:Austro-(和澳大利亚相关的)

相关词汇:Australia(n. 澳大利亚)

词根词缀:-ian(某国或某地的(人或语言))

相关词汇:Italian(adj. 意大利的;n. 意大利人;意

大利语)

词性拓展:Austronesian(n. 南岛语系;南岛民族)

tend to

倾向,往往会

例句:I tend to eat more in the winter.

grief/ɡriːf/

n.悲伤,悲痛

词义辨析:grief, sadness, sorrow

sadness 应用的范围比较广,而 sorrow 和 grief 经

常出现在文学作品中。不过,grief 的程度比 sadness

和sorrow 更深。


regret/rɪˈɡret/

n.懊悔,后悔

词性拓展:regret (v. 懊悔,后悔)

例句:I regret eating so much.

例句:I have no regrets about leaving my ex.

geographically/ˌdʒi.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl.i/

adv. 在地理上;地理学上

相关词汇:geography (n. 地理学)

nonetheless/ˌnʌn.ðəˈles/

adv. 尽管如此,虽然如此

近义词:nevertheless

variation/ˌver.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

n.(相似物体之间的)差异;(数量或形式的)变化,

变动

相关词汇:vary(v. 变化)

搭配短语:seasonal variations in hotel prices

近义词:difference

搭配短语:regional variations in hotel prices

Hawaiian/həˈwaɪ.ən/

n.夏威夷语

相关词汇:Hawaii(n. 夏威夷)

词根词缀:-ian(某国或某地的(人或语言))


beyond/biˈjɑːnd/ v. 位于,坐落在(某位置)

prep. 超出...的自然界限,范围在…之外 例句:The books are still sitting unread on my desk.

sit/sɪt/ universal/ˌjuː.nəˈvɝː.səl/

adj. 普遍的,通用的 意思,所以 variability 指的是“可变性”。

英文释义:true or suitable in every situation make meaning of ...

variability/ˌver.i.əˈbɪl.ə.t i/ 理解...的意思

n. 可变性,浮动性 shape/ʃeɪp/

词义辨析:variation, variability v. 使...成型;对...产生巨大影响

variation 的后缀 -tion 一般表示“动作”和“状态”,所 搭配短语:shape the dough into a ball(使...成型)

以 variation 指的是“变化”本身; 英文释义:have a great influence on sth.

variability 的后缀 -ability 一般有“能力”和“容量”的



拓展阅读

世界主要语系以及南岛语系

世界上有九个比较重要的语系,分别为汉藏语系(主要分布在亚洲东南部)、印欧语系(主要分布于亚洲、欧洲、美洲)、乌拉尔语系(主要分布于乌拉尔山脉北部地区)、阿尔泰语系(主要分布于巴尔干半岛、中亚及邻近地区、蒙古、俄罗斯边界、中国部分地区)、闪-含语系(主要分布于北非和西亚)、高加索语系(主要分布于高加索山脉一带)、达罗毗荼语系(主要分布于印度南部、东南部地区)、南岛语系(主要分布于东南亚和大洋洲地区)和南亚语系(主要分布于亚洲南部)。

这其中,南岛语系是世界上唯一一个主要分布在岛屿上的语系,该语系包括一千多种语言,使用人口超过 2 亿,分布范围东达南美洲以西的复活节岛,西至东非外海的马达加斯加岛,南达新西兰,北至中国台湾。南岛语系内的语言为黏着语,语音上有清辅音和浊辅音之分;广泛利用词缀和词干元音音变来表达语法含义;动词也有时态、语态的变化。我们所熟知的马来语、菲律宾语等都属于南岛语系中的语言。


《英语阅读能力提升-研究发现:翻译难以表达出情绪词汇的真正含义》相关文档:

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