目 录

第一章 总 论.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

1.1项目概况..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1

1.2报告编制依据和研究范围....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2

1.3主要技术经济指标..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

第二章 项目建设背景与必要性........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

2.1项目建设背景..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

2.2项目建设必要性............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

第三章 市场分析与预测..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

3.1市场分析..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

3.2市场预测..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

第四章 项目选址及建设条件...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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4.1项目选址.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

4.2建设条件.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

第五章 建设内容及规模.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

5.1建设内容.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

5.2建设规模.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

第六章 工艺技术方案...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

6.1工艺流程.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

6.2设备选型.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17

第七章 工程建设方案...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19

7.1总图运输.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19

7.2建筑工程.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19

7.3结构工程.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20

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7.5电气工程.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

第八章 节能与环保.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

8.1节能措施.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

8.2环保措施.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

第九章 项目工程管理与劳动保护.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31

9.1工程管理.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31

9.2劳动保护.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32

第十章 项目实施进度安排...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

10.1项目前期阶段............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

10.2项目准备阶段............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

10.3项目实施阶段............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34

第十一章 投资估算与资金筹措.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35

11.1投资估算................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35

11.2资金筹措................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

第十二章 招投标方案...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

12.1编制依据................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

12.2招标范围................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

12.3招标组织形式............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

12.4招标方式................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

12.5招标信息发布............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

第十三章 经济效益分析.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

13.1分析说明................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

13.2经济费用、效益分析......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

13.3财务指标分析............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

13.4评价结论................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

第十四章 社会效益分析.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

14.1项目对当地经济发展和社会稳定的影响.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

14.2项目对当地相关产业发展的影响............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

14.3项目对合理利用自然资源的影响............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

第十五章 研究结论与建议.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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15.1研究结论................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

15.2建议....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

2

国家科技攻关计划课题申请书

项目名称：冬枣优质高效标准化配套技术研究及产业开发

课题名称：冬枣优质高效标准化配套技术研究及产业开发

申 请 人：杨树珩

申请单位：山东滨州冬枣研究院

3

一．基本信息

项目名称　冬枣优质高效标准化配套技术研究及产业开发

课题名称　冬枣优质高效标准化配套技术研究及产业开发

密级绝密 2.机密 3.秘密 4.内部 5.公开 参加单位总数

　4

技术来源1.攻关计划前期成果 2.国外技术 3.国内技术 4.自有技术

成果提供1．论文论蓍 2。研究报告 3。新产品 4。新装置 5。新材料 6。新工艺、新方法、

形式新模式 7。软件 8。其他

名称山东滨州冬枣研究院课题申请

通讯地址山东滨州渤海9 路538 号邮编

256600　

单位性质　企业

所在省市区　山东代码

单位

所属部门代码

单位名称参加形式1.合作 2.协作单位性质其他主要

　山东农业大学事业

2

山东果树研究所事业

2

联合申请

单位

滨城区科技服务中心事业

2

姓名杨树珩　性别　男出生年课题申请人情况

1957.

学历　大学职称高级农艺师

联系电话电子邮件

0543-3557359　

经费概算 600 万元

国家其他计划资助

申请国家经费

主管部门匹配

地方科委匹配

已落实经费

(万元)

银行贷款

4

自筹资金

　300

国外资金

其他资金

合计

　300

预计完成年限申报日期

　3　2006.07

二、课题情况

1、课题摘要

冬枣是我国独有的优良果树资源，由于鲜食品质佳，营养丰富，我

国已成为世界唯一冬枣生产国和出口国。因其特有的抗盐碱、耐瘠薄属性，

现已迅速发展成我国北方滨海盐碱地区调整农业产业结构的主栽树种。发

展冬枣产业已成为振兴农村经济、增加农民收入、优化农产品结构，解决

“三农”问题的重要措施。目前我市冬枣面积已发展到100 万亩，产量25

万吨，已成为当地农民收入和地方农业经济的主要来源。

然而，随着冬枣产业在规模和产量等方面迅猛发展，也带来了发展

中的相应问题。一是栽培技术不配套，尤其是高新技术的研究和引进力度

明显缺乏和严重滞后。广大枣农只凭经验种植，没有统一的栽培技术标准，

特别是冬枣病虫害的发生、危害规律及综合防治技术研究基本没有，致使

广大枣农和从事冬枣产业的部分企业片面追求大果、高产、利益的情况下，

过量使用氮素化肥，滥用高残农药、激素和过早采青等人为因素，造成冬

枣品质急剧下降、商品率极度降低。大部分冬枣达不到出口的要求，严重

制约了冬枣国际市场的开拓。同时也给环境、生态及国内广大消费者的身

心健康带来了较大威胁。二是由于冬枣是历史遗留下来的一个传统品系，

经过多年种植，品系间混杂严重，且存在着果实偏小、果核偏大、耐贮性

较差、易遭受病虫害等缺点，也限制了产业的可持续发展和市场的竞争力。

5

因此，要实现冬枣产业的可持续发展和提高国内、国际市场的竞争力，就

必须研究解决以上存在的问题，一是以其为攻关目标，加大研究力度，强

化投资规模，从土壤修复、优质灌溉、科学施肥、生态控害等方面研究开

发冬枣优质高效标准化配套技术，实现标准化种植和科学管理；二是尽快

研究查清冬枣病虫害发生、危害规律及综合防治技术，实施生态控害、安

全控害，确保冬枣品质的迅速提高，实现无公害生产和向有机生产的迈进；

三是研究冬枣四倍体诱导选育技术、组培选育技术等高新技术，选育出在

保持原冬枣优良品质的同时，使果实变大、果核变小，以及抗病、耐贮性

较强的新品系。彻底解决枣农使用激素增大果实造成枣果变形、品质下降

的严重问题。

该项目立项后，力争3 年内完成。项目完成后，将形成自主创新、

具有自主知识产权且具有国际先进水平的冬枣优质高效生产；操作性强、

实用性强的冬枣生产系列技术标准一套，并应用推广，取得经济效益30

亿元，且社会、环境和生态效益更加显著。利用细胞诱导技术、组培技术

等选育出的冬枣新品系将是我国独有的成果，同时也为全省乃至我国的冬

枣产业健康发展做出较大贡献。

2、意义和必要性

①项目立项的必要性及市场需求分析

冬枣是我国独有的珍稀果品，富含蛋白质、各种氨基酸、矿物质和

维生素等人体必需的营养成分。冬枣是各类果品中最佳的鲜食品种，因其

成熟晚，营养丰富和极佳的品质，倍受国内外客商的青睐。同时由于冬枣

属于区域性栽植品种，主要集中在山东滨州、天津大港、河北沧州等环渤

海地区，国外没有冬枣，国内也尚属稀缺资源，产业发展前景广阔，市场

开发潜力巨大。已成为我市农民增收的重要资源。

6

据统计2005 年滨州冬枣产量25 万吨，占山东省水果总量的8%，占

全国总量的1% ，远远不能满足市场的需求。滨州裕华集团的“雁来红”

冬枣已远销欧盟、中东、巴西、东南亚、日本、韩国等国家和地区，深受

国外客商的青睐，市场缺口较大。法国市场价格为18 欧元/千克，东南亚

市场达到60 元/千克，国内市场（广州、深圳、上海、杭州等地）达到20

元/千克，经济效益十分可观。但由于近年来冬枣产业发展中出现的栽培

管理技术不配套，配方施肥、安全控害、优质灌溉等系列技术不配套、不

规范和研究力度不够等问题，致使冬枣品质下降，农残、激素超标，受到

国内外市场的抵制，更影响了国际市场的开拓。因此，立项攻关，解决以

上问题，促进冬枣出口，破解贸易出口国的技术壁垒，确保冬枣产业的健

康发展和环境、生态的安全，既是当前冬枣产业发展的必须，也是长远发

展的需要，更是事关我市社会主义新农村建设的重要举措。

②相关领域国内外现状和技术发展趋势

目前我国的水果生产处于一个全新的竞争环境中，优良的果品和优

质高效的生产方式、标准是取得良好经济效益的关键。对于中国原产的特

色果品，加大研究力度，提高果品品质，增强竞争力已成为我国果品产业

中的核心问题之一。但目前冬枣的研究仅局限于品种特性介绍、整形修剪、

提高坐果率和贮藏保鲜条件等方面，有关肥水运作规律，定性、定量施肥，

优质灌溉，病虫害生物防治技术、无公害综防技术等系列标准基本无人涉

足。特别是该项目中所进行的冬枣病虫害种类发生危害规律及病虫害空间

分布预测预报技术研究和利用、四倍体细胞工程诱导选育技术等更属国内

首创。据有关部门查询，目前国内关于冬枣方面的研究报道有：

一是在冬枣技术标准方面：有山东沾化的冬枣产地标准、河北黄骅

的冬枣技术标准等，但只局限于产地保护和市场销售等方面，不能指导冬

7

枣生产，可操作性、实用性较差，更不能大面积推广应用于标准化的大田

生产。

二是在冬枣病虫害防治方面有：冬枣单药剂、单病害的试验报道，

如山西、陕西刘春琴、康绍兰等小枣浆烂果病症状、危害及病原菌鉴定和

枣铁皮病病原菌鉴定等，而这些研究多集中于金丝小枣品种病虫害的普查

方面，很少涉及到冬枣。更不能应用于冬枣的病虫害防治，因为冬枣的生

理特性与小枣有较大的差异。

三是在四倍体选育方面，目前已在梨、葡萄、杏、桃、栗、苹果、

樱桃等多种果树上成功的诱导出多倍体植株，大大丰富了世界各国的果树

资源。在冬枣上还没有进行研究。实践证明，果树多倍体植株不仅果实较

大，而且还有可能表现出无核或少核，果实耐贮藏性提高、抗逆性增强等。

如二倍体玫瑰香葡萄经过诱导形成的四倍体植株，不仅保留了二倍体的优

良品质，而且果实增大，抗逆性提高，获得了较好的经济价值。因此通过

细胞工程的诱导，使冬枣的染色体加倍，很有可能选育出果实大、抗病性

强、耐贮性好的新品系。

以上国内外冬枣研究的基础和现状，充分说明了该项目立项的必要

性和可行性。

3、现有基础条件

研究院现有较完备的绿色检测设备和较先进的试验仪器；有16 名从

事科研工作的技术人员，其中：拥有数年经验的冬枣种植专家4 人、博士

生导师2 人、研究生2 人、本科学历以上10 名；大田生产试验枣园2.2

万亩；有2000 吨的气调库和贮藏保鲜研究室；与冬枣研究院有长期合作

关系的山东农业大学、中国农业大学、中科院植物所、北京林业大学、山

东省果树研究所等科研单位都是各领域的权威部门，具备完成本项目的技

8

术力量和试验场所及试验条件。

目前与中国农业大学、中国林业大学、山东农业大学、南京农业大

学、山东省林科院生物研究所联合进行攻关，确定以高品质冬枣为核心的

研究方向，以滨州裕华集团有限公司2.2 万亩冬枣生产基地为试验基地，

在冬枣优系选育、盐碱地建园、"920"替代技术、病虫害无害化防治、配

方施肥、整形修剪、贮藏保鲜等方面已经进行了大量的科研工作。

实施方案：

1）建立项目领导小组。领导小组由冬枣研究院长杨树珩为组长、副

院长刘文娥为副组长。成员为滨城区科技服务中心主任商建国及各冬枣园

负责人。

2）建立技术领导小组

组长由姜远茂教授担任，副组长由吴桂平教授、孙瑞红研究员担任。

3）设立专门办公地点和试验基地，用于本项目的研究试验

4）根据研究组成员的学术领域、专业特长，对研究子课题进行配置，

确保研究的严谨性、科学性。

5）根据项目预算对资金进行监管，确保研究的顺利实施和计划的落

实。

6）项目实施参加人员分工

姓 名性别出生年月技术职务

工作单位项目中的分工

杨树珩男1957．04高级农艺师山东滨州冬枣研究院领导小组组长

刘文娥女1948.12副研究员山东滨州冬枣研究院领导小组副组长

姜远茂男1964.09园艺博士山东农大技术小组组长

孙瑞红女1965.08农学博士山东果树研究所技术小组副组长

9

吴桂本男1965.06研究员烟台农科院项目实施

彭福田男1964.11教 授山东农大项目设计

柳桂林男1960.08高级农艺师山东滨州冬枣研究院项目实施

刘俊展男1966.12高级工程师滨州植物保护站项目实施

魏 昂女1950.12高级农艺师滨州冬枣研究院项目实施

蔡培军男1979.05农艺师滨州冬枣研究院项目实施

商建国男1957.03副研究员滨城区科技服务中心项目实施

4、总体目标、实施年限、具体考核指标及年度计划安排

项目立项后，力争三年内完成。计划三年内：一是研究制定出冬枣

盐碱地生态恢复、测土配方、科学施肥、节水灌溉、生态控害、整形修剪、

贮藏保鲜等系列优质、高效配套技术标准，首先应用实施于裕华集团2.2

万亩冬枣生产基地，并推广于本市的7 县区和山东的东营市、德州市及河

北省的沧州市等周边地区，使冬枣产业向规范化、标准化生产迈进，达到

优质、高效、安全；二是通过对冬枣四倍体诱导技术、组培技术的研究攻

关，力争获得四倍体冬枣植株、组培苗选优单株400 株，嫁接于成年大树

上，加快生长和果实发育，进行选优、繁育丰富冬枣种质资源。

具体的实施进度。（详见：表1 项目计划进度表）

表1 项目计划进度表

计划进

开始时间截止时间完成的主要指标

10

2006-072006-12建立离体高效诱导四倍体植株技术体系，并开始研究诱导。

1、建立优系圃，进行优系初选。

2、进行盆栽、田间冬枣肥水试验5 个。

3、设立10 亩整形修剪、更新技术试验示范研究基地。

4、做好冬枣产区主要病虫害种类调查及其发生危害规

律研究。

5、安排生物药剂、低毒化学药剂试验10 个。

度及阶

段目标

2007-012007-12

1、对结果的优系单株进行进一步的选择。

2、继续进行盆栽、田间肥水吸收规律试验研究。

3、进一步试验验证整形修剪、更新技术，并开始应用于大田

生产。

4、获得四倍体冬枣小苗400余株在进行形态特征及生长发育

的研究的同时嫁接于结果大树。

5、进行新发病害的室内分离鉴定和田间接种试验。

6、

进一步进行药剂试验筛选。

11

2008-012008-12

1.选出冬枣优系2~3 个，无公害农药、生物农药8~10 个，

天然激素2~3 个，并进行验收和鉴定。

2.在前两年试验研究的基础上研究制定肥、水定性、定量、

定时及主枝更新整形修剪的系列技术标准。

3.对获得的四倍体优异植株进行快速繁殖和推广。

4.在摸清冬枣病虫害发生、危害规律并分析药效做出鉴定，

并研制出冬枣病虫害综防技术规范。

5.验收、鉴定裕华公司2.2 万亩标准化示范基地及整个项目

推广应用区。

5、主要研究内容

①开发研究冬枣园盐碱地生态修复技术

滨州市的冬枣园主要建在黄河携沙填海造陆的黄河三角洲滨海盐碱

地带，海拔高程低，多在3.5-8.5 米；地下水位高，多在1-1.5 米；矿化度

高，多在 2-5g/L,最高达10g/L 以上；0-30 厘米表土层含盐量0.1% - 0.6

%，高者达0.8%以上。由于盐碱的限制，多为盐碱荒地，少部分为三、

四等的低产田。种植冬枣以来，农业收入虽有好转，但盐碱仍是制约冬枣

高产、优质的主要因素。所以，该项目提出了每20~25 亩地打竖井一眼，

定时抽排地下水，控制地下水位保持在毛管上升临界水位2 米以下，以从

根本上切断盐分上升聚集地表的潜水来源；在通过淡水洗盐、淋盐和枣林

间种植苔子、白三叶、小冠花等豆科绿肥改土作物，预计可在三年内将盐

碱地改良恢复为肥沃枣园。

②开发研究旱能浇、涝能排的枣园设施

针对滨州地区东南季风受泰沂山区阻挡，成为山东降水最低区（不

12

足650mm），且年内春季降水较少，仅70~80mm，春旱严重；夏季降水

集中，占全年的65% ~70%，7 月份达200mm ~250mm，易积涝成灾；秋

季降水又显著减少，不足80mm，多有秋旱，形成了年内春旱、夏涝、秋

又旱的气候特点。自明代迄今（1470—2005），525 年中，平均3.1 年发生

一次涝灾，2.5 年发生一次旱灾，3.1 年出现一次正常，形成了滨州地区以

三年为周期的旱涝规律。据此，该研究拟在冬枣园内建设“深沟大台田”

（台田面设计长200 米、宽100 米）的基本建设，达到涝时能排，又可蓄

淡洗盐；在台田内埋设暗管引用黄河水，实施旱时节水微灌或膜下滴灌，

以设施化、标准化，达到涝能排、旱能浇的排水、供水标准化。

③冬枣细胞工程诱导技术及选优技术研究

近几年冬枣的选优工作进展缓慢，虽有单位和个人曾进行过该项工作，

但成效甚微。近年来我们研究院也作了大量的选优工作，并培育出部分有

希望的组培冬枣苗和初选出10 余个冬枣优系单株，但仍需做大量的选优

研究工作，我们计划通过项目的攻关，培育冬枣优系2-3 个，并扩大繁育，

逐步实现优系更新。与此同时进行冬枣四倍体诱导技术研究，以秋水仙素

离体处理冬枣茎尖，建立冬枣多倍体诱导技术体系，获得四倍体单株，并

进行多次嫁接选优，以培育出质优、果大、抗病的冬枣新品系。

④ 冬枣施肥技术标准研究

当前冬枣施肥还局限于经验施肥或参考其它果树进行施肥，在冬枣上

还没有科学的施肥依据。我们虽已利用15N 示踪技术对冬枣芽前、花期、

坐果、采收等时期的氮肥吸收规律进行了初步研究，并获得了一定的技术

数据，但对冬枣的施肥期、施肥量和需肥种类还缺乏定性、定期、定量的

研究，尤其是生物肥、微肥、叶面肥及平衡需肥的运作规律更需进行较深

入的研究，计划立项后，力争三年内解决以上难题，并研制组装出系列配

13

套的生产技术标准，开发应用于大面积生产。

⑤冬枣病虫害防治技术标准研究

根据近年调查，对冬枣能造成危害的病害有13 种以上，虫害10 种

以上，且有逐年加重的趋势。

a) 研究查清冬枣主要病虫害的种类及发生规律、危害特点，并开展

其空间分布及预测预报技术研究。

b) 试验筛选一批防治冬枣病虫害的生物药剂、仿生植物源药剂，及

高效、低残、低毒的化学药剂10 种以上，代替高毒农药，轮换用药，为

延缓病虫害抗性的上升奠定基础。

c) 在大量试验研究的基础上，研究以生物药剂为主的无公害优质冬

枣病虫害综合防治技术规范，实现病虫害防治标准化。

⑥冬枣关键期需水技术标准研究

在一定程度下冬枣是耐旱果树，但在关键时期缺水将导致果实品质、

产量严重下降。当前，冬枣园水分管理还只停留在凭经验用水，没有科学

的理论依据。这也是冬枣生产中急于解决的难题。立项后，研究引进滴灌、

微灌技术，力争通过三年的开发研究，探索掌握芽前、花前、膨果期等关

键时期的需水规律，土壤在不同含水状况下水分对冬枣树的影响，研制出

灌水技术指标，实现冬枣水分管理的科学化、标准化，同时达到节约水资

源的目的。

6、主要技术特点和创新点

①利用细胞工程诱导技术、组培技术、选优技术，进行冬枣优系的

选育。一是进行前人没有做过的高新技术研究；二是继续进行前几年技术

人员没做完的工作。冬枣新品系的选育成功既是国内首创，也是世界独有，

这是最大的创新。

14

②进行冬枣土壤生态修复、测土配方施肥、节水灌溉，确定最佳施

肥期、施肥量、达到优质、高效、安全，也是冬枣产业发展十几年来的新

突破。

③冬枣病虫害综合防治研究，特别是发生危害规律、特点、消长规

律、空间分布及生物药剂、仿生药剂、植物源药剂的筛选研究均为国内首

次。

④通过研究制定的冬枣系列技术标准是冬枣产区的唯一，推广应用

后所产生的经济、社会、生态、环境效益具有国内领先水平。

7、关联行动

山东滨州冬枣研究院是由裕华集团有限公司投资、山东省科技厅审

批设立的全省最大的冬枣研究机构，成立5 年来，先后投资600 余万元，

建设科研楼一座，并购置了大量先进设备仪器，专业从事冬枣各类技术的

研究与开发工作。已经完成"冬枣新品种种植与示范"、"冬枣专用生物肥

技术改造"、"冬枣综合保鲜冷链运销技术体系"等科研工作，并先后承担

了山东省科技攻关计划“绿色冬枣生产与设施栽培技术及产业化开发“项

目，国家科技攻关计划“优质冬枣质量控制生产技术体系研究与开发“项

目，并于2005 年完成项目验收与鉴定。2005 年获山东省科技进步奖一项，

滨州市科技进步奖两项。2005 年11 月，滨州冬枣研究院成为山东省农业

良种工程“高档干果（核桃、板栗、枣）新品种选良”课题依托单位之一。

山东滨州裕华集团有限公司是冬枣研究院的坚强后盾，先后被评为

国家重点高新技术企业、国家扶贫龙头企业、山东省农业产业化经营重点

龙头企业、山东省高新技术企业等称号，其“雁来红”冬枣通过了国家绿

色食品认证，裕华冬枣基地先后被评为中国农学会冬枣出口生产示范基地、

山东富硒农产品生产基地、山东星火科技示范基地等。

15

立项后，滨州冬枣研究院组织专家成立项目领导小组，进行有关资

金、试验仪器设备、科研人员的调配及组织领导工作，从组织上保证项目

的实施。在组建领导小组的同时，组织聘请山东农业大学生命科学院的专

家教授，成立冬枣诱导四倍体技术攻关领导小组，对冬枣四倍体诱导技术

进行攻关；组织聘请中国林业大学专家成立组培项目领导小组，对已进行

的冬枣组培技术进行进一步的科技攻关；组织聘请山东农业大学姜远茂、

彭福田教授等进行冬枣田间肥水规律、整形修剪等方面的技术攻关；组织

聘请烟台农科院农药专家吴桂本教授、山东省果树研究所孙瑞红研究员、

滨州市植保站刘俊展等专家成立冬枣病虫害发生规律、药剂筛选等方面的

研究；组织滨州冬枣研究院、滨城区科技服务中心的科研人员组成技术指

导、试验研究小组。与此同时，组织协调滨州裕华集团进行技术示范，协

调带动滨州市冬枣协会会员进行示范推广。

8、总投资预算、资金筹措及来源渠道

本项目计划总投资600 万元。其中申请国家拨款150 万元，市、区

财政筹集拨款150 万元，企业自筹（裕华集团）300 万元。（详见：表2

资金来源及投资预算表）

表2：资金来源及投资预算表 单位：万

元

项目资金预算总额

600

资 金 来 源投 资 预 算

新技术、新品种引进费

100

申请国家拨款

150

试剂费、材料费

50

试验外协费

60

资料印刷费

10

场地租赁费

20

调研差旅费市、区拨款

20150

鉴定验收费

2

新品种审定费

8

工资补助费

10

16

管 理 费

15

其它费用

5

气相色谱仪

60

液相色谱仪

80

原子吸收分光光度计

20

原子吸收光谱仪

20

荧光分光光度计

20

生物显微镜

5

精密天平

10

凯氏定氮仪

40

小型气象观测台

30

企 业 自 筹购置

300

仪器

设备

及维

修费

其它仪器

15

9、预期成果

该项目研究制定的冬枣生产技术系列标准和病虫害综防、无公害防

治标准，以及利用四倍体诱导等高新技术选育的冬枣新品系，由于均属国

内首创，因此具有较大的推广应用价值。项目完成后的十余项科技创新论

文成果和专利独有技术（新品系）首先应用于滨州裕华集团的2.2 万亩冬

枣出口基地，并扩大推广于本市7 县区40 万亩结果树，以及山东的东营

市、德州市等周边地区10 万亩。按每亩产优质冬枣1200 千克，优质冬枣

每千克可增收5 元计算，裕华集团冬枣基地可每年增加收入1.3 亿元；推

广应用后可每年增加收入28.7 亿元，平均每户枣农每年可增收1500 元以

上。另外，由于冬枣品质的提高，冬枣出口量可大大增加。2005 年滨州“雁

来红”冬枣在东南亚市场的价格达到了60 元/千克，法国市场达到了18

欧元/千克，广州、深圳、上海达到了20 元/千克以上，且供不应求。由此

可见，如能满足供应,冬枣的国内外市场均会带来非常可观的经济效益。

10、风险分析

11、其他说明

12、相关附件

三、审核意见

17

1、申请单位审核意见

签 章

年 月 日

目　　录

第一章　总　论1

1.1 项目的提出.................................................1

1.2 项目概况...................................................2

1.3 研究范围...................................................3

1.4 编制依据...................................................3

1.5 项目建设内容...............................................4

1.6 总投资及资金筹措...........................................4

1.7 研究结论...................................................5

第二章　项目建设背景6

2.1 区域概况...................................................6

2.2 交通运输...................................................8

2.3 自然条件...................................................8

2、主管部门科技司（地方科技厅）意见：

签 章

年 月 日

18

2.4 社会经济状况...............................................9

2.5 基础设施条件..............................................10

2.6 地震烈度..................................................10

第三章　项目建设的意义及必要性11

第四章　项目建设的目标及主要内容14

4.1 项目区域的现状及存在的问题................................14

4.2 主要建设内容..............................................15

第五章　项目建设方案17

5.1 设计原则..................................................17

5.2 清淤工程..................................................17

5.3 护岸工程..................................................18

5.4 周围垃圾及污染物处理工程..................................20

5.5 东西海周围保护林带建设....................................20

5.6 环海北路围墙工程..........................................22

5.7 景观桥....................................................22

5.8 道路工程..................................................23

5.9 工程量汇总................................................25

第六章　环保节能27

6.1 设计依据..................................................27

6.2 环境现状..................................................27

6.3 交通噪声..................................................29

6.4 振动环境质量..............................................30

19

6.5 治理措施..................................................30

6.6 环保研究结论..............................................31

6.7 节能......................................................32

第七章　项目实施进度计划33

7.1 项目实施各阶段进度计划....................................33

7.2 项目实施进度计划表........................................33

第八章　投资估算及资金筹措35

8.1 编制依据..................................................35

8.2 有关说明..................................................35

8.3 总投资估算................................................35

8.4 资金筹措..................................................36

第九章 结论与建议39

9.1 研究结论..................................................39

9.2 建议......................................................39

第十章 招标方案40