动名词作宾语或介词宾语
1.在很多动词后都可跟动名词作宾语：
Have you finished cleaning the windows窗子擦好了吗
Would you mind shutting the door劳驾把门关上行吗
I enjoyed working there.我在那里工作很高兴;
Our house needs painting.我们的房子需要油漆;
能跟这种宾语的动词很多,常见的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind, continue, can’t help等;
2.有些动词可以跟动名词作宾语也可用不定式作宾语,意思上没有太大差别,如：
Do you like playing chess你喜欢下棋吗
to play
They began talking about something else.他们开始谈别的事;
to talk
有时两者在意思上有差别：
I remember seeing you somewhere.记得在哪里见到过你;
Remember to post the letter.记得把信发掉;
3.动名词作介词宾语的时候也很多,特别是在某些成语后,如：
Are you interested in going with us你有兴趣和我们一块儿去吗
He is fond of playing tennis.他很喜欢打网球;
I’m thinking of going to Hangchow.我在考虑到杭州去一趟;
Thank you for coming.谢谢你来;
4.动名词还可和某些介词一道用作状语等：
After playing chess, we watched TV.下过棋之后我们看电视;
Give me a phone call before leaving home.离家前给我打个电话;
I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中作宾语的动名词短语下划线：
1 He enjoys teaching.
2 She kept talking.
3 She disliked my working late.
4 Forgive my ringing up so early.
5 I remember telling her about you.
6 She liked reading short stories.
7 Then we stopped talking.
8 Would you mind telling her about it
9 He admitted taking the money.
10 They began talking about their school days.
2. 在下面用作介词宾语的动名词下划线：
1 I don’t feel like eating anything now.
2 I’ve got used to working at night.
3 I’m proud of having a friend like you.
4 She was keen on coming to Chine.
5 I never dreamed of meeting you in China.
6 My sister is fond of reading picture books.
3. 在下面句子中的介词短语下划线：
1 We can’t live without eating.
2 They were surprised at your doing that.
3 Since returning from Xi’an, I was awfully busy.
4 She left without saying good-bye to us.
5 What have you been doing besides writing the book
6 He was praised for working so hard.
不定式作主语和宾语 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
不定式作主语和宾语
1.不定式短语常可用作主语：
To see is to believe.眼见为实;
To act like that is foolish.这样做是愚蠢的;
2.在很多情况下我们都把不定式往后移,前面用先行词it作形式上的主语,这样句子结构会显得更平稳;这时谓语可以是：
1be＋形容词：
It’s difficult to learn English well.学好英语不容易;
2be＋形容词＋for引起的短语：
It’s hard for me to answer.我很难回答;
3be＋形容词＋of引起的短语：
It’s kind of you to think so much of us.难得你为我们这样着想;
4be＋名词：
It’s our duty to do that.这样做是我们的职责;
5其他形式的谓语：
How long does it take to get there到那里需要多少时间
3.不定式短语作宾语的时候极多,例如：
She is learning to swim.她在学游泳;
He promised to help us.他答应帮助我们;
4.有些动词后可跟一个带有连接副代词的不定式作宾语：
I don’t know how to answer.我不知道该怎样回答;
She will tell you what to do.她会告诉你该怎么做;
5.有时还可用it作形式上的宾语,把不定式放到后面去：
I don’t think it necessary to do that.我想这样做不必要;
He felt it his duty to point that out.他感到有责任指出这一点;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子的主语下划线：
1 To smoke so many cigarettes is bad for your health.
2 It’s difficult to answer the question.
3 It’s nice to be with you.
4 It’s impossible to get there in two hours.
5 It’s our duty to help them.
6 How long does it take to get there
7 It made her angry to hear that.
8 It isn’t right not to help them.
9 It is an honour to be invited to visit the country.
10 It’s easy to answer that question.
2. 在下面句子的宾语下划线：
1 She agreed to go there with us.
2 They decided to go there by train.
3 He promised to help us.
4 Do you wish to go there with us
5 They will show you how to do the work.
6 I did not know how to translate the sentence.
7 Helen found it hard to get on with them.
8 Do you think it easy to learn English
9 They considered it better not to go.
10 She felt it her duty to take care of the children.
不定式作定语和状语 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
不定式作定语和状语
1.不定式短语作定语时很多,特别是在某些句型中：
Do you have anything more to say你还有什么话要说吗
I want to get something to read.我要找些资料看;
There is nothing to be worried about.没有什么事值得发愁;
We need someone to take care of the children.我们需要人看孩子;
2.有些名词后常可用不定式作定语：
It’s time to go to bed.是睡觉的时候了;
You have no right to do that.你没有权利这样做;
That’s the best way to do the work.这是做这工作最好的办法;
I’d like to have a chance to see him again.我希望有机会再见到他;
3.不定式有时可用作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等：
I went to town to buy some books.我进城去买书;
I’ve come to learn from you.我是来向你们学习的;
What have I said to make you so angry我说了什么话使你这样生气
She lived to be ninety.她活到了九十岁;
I’m glad to see you.看到你我很高兴;
We are proud to be students of China.作为中国的学生我们感到自豪;
4.还可用来表示某方面：
She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于帮助别人;
We were eager to go home.我们亟于想回家;
Be careful not to catch cold.当心别感冒;
The book is easy to understand.这书容易懂;
She was too young to understand that.她太年轻不懂这一点;
Exercises:
1. 在作定语的不定式短语下划线：
1 I have a lot of things to do today.
2 There are two letters to be typed.
3 Let’s go and get something to drink.
4 There’s no need to worry at all.
5 We have a right to know.
6 I had nothing to do that night.
7 She didn’t have the courage to tell you that.
8 That’s probably the only thing to do now.
9 There is no need to worry.
10 He is not a man to bow before difficulties.
2. 在作状语的不定式短语下划线：
1 They ran over to welcome us.
2 I’m sorry to hear that.
3 They are eager to take part in the job.
4 The girls are easy to get along with.
5 You are right to say so.
6 She was glad to see us.
7 Never too old to learn.
8 It was too late to do anything now.
9 She was unwilling to take the job.
10 To be frank, I don’t like the idea.
动名词的句法作用 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
动名词的句法作用
1.动名词起名词的作用,在句中可作：
1主语：
Fishing is prohibited.禁止垂钓;
2表语：
My favourite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪;
3宾语：
I suggested going by plane.我建议坐飞机去;
4介词的宾语：
She is fond of swimming.她喜欢游泳;
5定语：
This is your boarding pass.这是你的登机证;
在很多情况下动名词和名词已构成合成词：
opening speech开幕词 waiting-room候车室
living room客厅 sleeping pill安眠药
deep-ploughing深耕 close-planting密植
weightlifting举重 family-planning计划生育
2.有些动名词已经名词化,前面可加冠词,可用定语修饰,甚至有复数形式：
You should give the room a good cleaning.你把房间好好打扫一下;
Who did the recording是谁录的音
Please take our greetings to him.请向他问好;
The work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密计划;
3.有些动名词已完全成为名词：
Let’s bring in the washing.咱们去把洗好的衣服收进来;
The story has a happy ending.这故事有个愉快的结局;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的动名词下划线并说明它在句中的作用：
1 Smoking is prohibited.
2 The only thing that interests her is dancing.
3 They insisted on going by plane.
4 I like reading short stories.
5 What can we learn by watching such movies
6 Do you mind my sitting here
7 They insisted on my staying there for supper.
8 I’m thinking of going to London.
9 She takes no interest in my working there.
10 Running is my favourite sport.
11 Her job is raising pigs.
12 Seeing is believing.
2. 把下面合成名词译为汉语：
1 reading-room
2 parking space
3 sitting room
4 washing machine
5 job-hunting
6 living standard
7 handwriting
8 sight seeing
9 washing-powder
10 air-conditioning
3. 在下面句子的真正主语下划线：
1 It’s nice talking to you.
2 It’s no use doing that.
3 It’s no good arguing with him.
4 It’s a waste of time going there now.
动名词作宾语或介词宾语 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
动名词作宾语或介词宾语
1.在很多动词后都可跟动名词作宾语：
Have you finished cleaning the windows窗子擦好了吗
Would you mind shutting the door劳驾把门关上行吗
I enjoyed working there.我在那里工作很高兴;
Our house needs painting.我们的房子需要油漆;
能跟这种宾语的动词很多,常见的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind, continue, can’t help等;
2.有些动词可以跟动名词作宾语也可用不定式作宾语,意思上没有太大差别,如：
Do you like playing chess你喜欢下棋吗
to play
They began talking about something else.他们开始谈别的事;
to talk
有时两者在意思上有差别：
I remember seeing you somewhere.记得在哪里见到过你;
Remember to post the letter.记得把信发掉;
3.动名词作介词宾语的时候也很多,特别是在某些成语后,如：
Are you interested in going with us你有兴趣和我们一块儿去吗
He is fond of playing tennis.他很喜欢打网球;
I’m thinking of going to Hangchow.我在考虑到杭州去一趟;
Thank you for coming.谢谢你来;
4.动名词还可和某些介词一道用作状语等：
After playing chess, we watched TV.下过棋之后我们看电视;
Give me a phone call before leaving home.离家前给我打个电话;
I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中作宾语的动名词短语下划线：
1 He enjoys teaching.
2 She kept talking.
3 She disliked my working late.
4 Forgive my ringing up so early.
5 I remember telling her about you.
6 She liked reading short stories.
7 Then we stopped talking.
8 Would you mind telling her about it
9 He admitted taking the money.
10 They began talking about their school days.
2. 在下面用作介词宾语的动名词下划线：
1 I don’t feel like eating anything now.
2 I’ve got used to working at night.
3 I’m proud of having a friend like you.
4 She was keen on coming to Chine.
5 I never dreamed of meeting you in China.
6 My sister is fond of reading picture books.
3. 在下面句子中的介词短语下划线：
1 We can’t live without eating.
2 They were surprised at your doing that.
3 Since returning from Xi’an, I was awfully busy.
4 She left without saying good-bye to us.
5 What have you been doing besides writing the book
6 He was praised for working so hard.
现在分词的句法作用 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
现在分词的句法作用
1.现在分词和动名词同形,在句中可构成各种进行时态参阅时态各节：
It is raining hard.雨下得很大;现在进行时
He was writing a letter.他在写信;过去进行时
What have you been doing你在干什么现在完成进行时
2.除了构成谓语外,现在分词还可：
1用作表语：
The story is very interesting.这故事很有趣;
The day was so charming.天气十分怡人;
2用作定语：
China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家;
The house is a charming museum now.这房子现在是一座迷人的博物馆;
3用作状语：
He is busy answering letters.他在忙着给人回信;
Let’s go fishing.咱们钓鱼去吧;
4用来构成复合宾语：
We saw a girl running towards us.我们看见一个女孩向我们跑来;
I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人敲门;
3.有不少现在分词可用作表语,表示主语的特征：
The water was quite refreshing.水使人清新;
One of the boys is missing.有一个男孩不见了;
“That’s amazing,” Jack said.“这太使人吃惊了,”杰克说;
The film was very amusing.这部电影很有趣;
能这样用的分词很多,如amusing, charming, discouraging, exciting, interesting, inviting, missing, amazing, shocking, surprising等;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的分词或分词短语下划线,并说出它们在句中的作用：
1 Do you see the man walking down the street
2 I see him passing my house every day.
3 I went shopping this morning.
4 A boy came running out of the house.
5 He found the boys stealing his apples.
6 He fired, wounding one of the wolves.
7 The teacher told us an amusing story.
8 Who knows the missing word in this sentence
9 We saw some peasants working in the fields.
10 I don’t like to see singing birds in cages.
11 We went boating on the lake.
12 He said he had seen a flying saucer.
2. 在下面句子中作表语的分词下划线：
1 The weather was charming.
2 The story was quite amusing.
3 Skiing is more exciting than skating.
4 Her photograph was missing.
5 Such views are shocking to me.
6 The matter is pressing.
7 The old man’s views are shocking.
8 These reports are confusing.
9 What he said was rather disappointing.
10 Some of the letters are exciting.
现在分词作定语和状语 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
现在分词作定语和状语
1.现在分词作定语时很多,有时单独作定语,放在所修饰的词前面：
He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年;
It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市;
Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州;
They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问;
2.也可引起一个短语,放在所修饰的词后面：
There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门;
I know a man working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人;
The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹;
Do you know the man talking to her和她说话的男子你认识吗
3.现在分词也有时可用作状语,修饰谓语,表示：
1同时发生的另一动作：
A boy came running in.一个男孩跑进屋来;
I went shopping with mother in town.我和妈妈一道进城买东西;
Following Tom, they started to climb.他们跟着汤姆往上爬;
2原因：
Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路,他无法到那里去;
Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为激动她睡不着;
3时间：
Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这消息时我们高兴得跳了起来;
Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他转过身时看到一只老虎跑了过来;
有时和when或while连用：
They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他们在欧洲旅游时订了婚;
His fingers trembled while doing so.他这样做时手指颤抖了一下;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中作定语的分词或分词短语下划线：
1 He is a promising young man.
2 It is a fascinating city.
3 He was one of the leading composers of the time.
4 Who is the girl standing on her hands
5 They built a road leading to the village.
6 Who knows the missing words in the sentence
7 My aunt told us an amusing story.
8 In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.
9 There is a car waiting at the door.
10 Don’t wake the sleeping child.
2. 在下面句子中由分词或分词短语表示的状语下划线：
1 Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
2 We couldn’t help them, being so poor ourselves.
3 Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.
4 We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.
5 He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.
6 Not knowing the language, he couldn’t get a job.
7 The manager came towards us smiling.
8 Having failed twice, they didn’t want to try again.
9 Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.
10 Turning around, she saw a man following her.
11 When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.
12 While staying there, I learnt a lot from them.
现在分词构成复合结构 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
现在分词构成复合结构
1.不少动词可用现在分词构成复合宾语：
I saw Tom waving to me.我看见汤姆向我挥手;
He heard someone knocking at the door.他听见有人敲门;
I am sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了;
We found a tree lying across the road.我们发现一棵树拦在马路中间;
这些都可作为句型来记,如hear somebody doing something, see somebody doing something,还有keep, notice, find, leave等动词可跟这样的宾语;
2.在see, hear, notice这类动词后,有时可跟两种复合结构,一种由现在分词构成,一种由不带to的不定式构成：
We saw a man standing there.我们看见一个男子站在那里;
We saw a man leave the house.我们看见一个男子离开了那座房子;
前者表示动作正在进行,后者表示动作业已完成,有时两种结构差别不大,可以换用,如：
I often heard her singing this song.我常听见她唱这首歌;
sing
3.这种结构也可用于被动形式：
He was often seen working in the fields.人们常常看见他在地里干活;
She was once heard singing this song.有一次人们听见她唱这支歌;
4.介词后间或也跟这种复合宾语：
She listened to him playing the piano.她听他弹钢琴;
He looked at the children playing under the tree.他看孩子们在树下玩耍;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的复合宾语下划线：
1 I watched the children dancing in the garden.
2 She heard some people talking in the next room.
3 He felt the house shaking.
4 Do you smell something burning
5 I am sorry to keep you waiting.
6 His question set us all thinking.
7 I noticed someone standing at the door.
8 My uncle caught the children stealing his apples.
9 I’ll have you all speaking English well within a year.
10 He found them playing basketball.
11 I have been kept waiting for two hours.
12 Voices were heard calling for help.
2. 在介词后的复合宾语下划线：
1 Just look at the rain pouring down
2 We listened to the band playing in the park.
3 She wanted to leave the house without anyone seeing her.
4 I should thank you instead of you thanking me.
5 This story is about a girl sailing across the Atlantic alone.
6 With so many people supporting us, we are sure to succeed.
7 I couldn’t leave the house without anyone seeing me.
8 He was like an old tree blossoming again.
过去分词的句法作用 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
过去分词的句法作用
1.过去分词在句子中的作用大致与现在分词相似,也可以用作：
1表语：
The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了;
2定语：
He has a sister called Julia.他有个妹妹叫朱莉娅;
3状语：
Greatly interested, they asked many question.他们大感兴趣问了许多问题;
也可构成复合宾语：
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.我明天理发;
过去分词多有被动意思：
I found the mirror broken. The mirror was broken.
2.过去分词作表语：
过去分词作表语时很多,多和be构成谓语a,也可和其他系动词构成谓语b：
a. She is never bored.她从不感到厌烦;
The machine is broken.机器坏了;
I was very frightened.我很害怕;
She was tired from the flight.她坐飞机坐累了;
b. They got married last week.他们上星期结婚的;
She looked disappointed.她显得很失望;
He felt rather tired.他感到相当累;
Tom seemed delighted at the idea.汤姆听了这想法似乎很高兴;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的过去分词下划线,并说明它们的作用：
1 Is the room furnished
2 She entered, accompanied by her daughter.
3 These are stolen goods.
4 They got married last year.
5 He was wounded in the leg.
6 Did you ever hear the song sung in Italian
7 She had a worried look on her face.
8 He didn’t notice the surprised look on her face.
9 She watched the child carried out of the room.
10 Is there anything planned for tonight
2. 在下面句子中作表语的过去分词下划线：
1 Don’t get excited.
2 They felt insulted.
3 The door remained locked.
4 She looked disappointed.
5 They got engaged last winter.
6 Soon I grew dissatisfied with the work.
7 She seemed embarrassed by the question.
8 He was terribly upset.
9 She became annoyed with the children.
10 The shoe string came untied.
过去分词作定语和状语 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
过去分词作定语和状语
1.过去分词作定语的时候也不少,单独一个词多放在所修饰词的前面a,引起的短语都放在所修饰的词后面b：
a. When shall we have the written test我们什么时候考笔试
I’ll have fried eggs.我要煎鸡蛋;
Do you like smoked fish你喜欢熏鱼吗
b. Is there anything planned for tonight今晚有什么计划的活动吗
What’s the language spoken there那里讲什么语言
A girl dressed in blue came into the room.一个穿蓝色衣服的姑娘走了进来;
有时单独的过去分词也可放在所修饰词的后面：
We still have some bread left.我们还剩一些面包;
过去分词有时构成合成词作定语：
a well-known musician著名的音乐家
heartfelt thanks由衷的感激
2.过去分词可以作状语,表示动作发生的背景a,原因b,时间c或假设情况d：
a. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old.这座桥是1192年修的,已有800多年的历史了;
Depressed, she went to see her mother.她情绪低落,跑去找她母亲;
b. Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.由于出生农民家庭,他只上了两年的学;
c. Seen from the hill =when it is seen…, the town looks magnificent.从山上看,这座城市非常美;
d. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你们相比,我们还有很大差距;
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子作定语的过去分词或过去分词短语下划线：
1 This is an unexpected development.
2 It is also called “The Unfinished Symphony”.
3 Whose are the reserved seats
4 England and Scotland united to become the United Kingdom.
5 The play put on by the students was a great success.
6 The experience gained will be of great value to us.
7 Her father is a retired professor.
8 The company was run by some returned students.
9 We held a party to welcome the newly married couple.
10 What do you think of the plan put forward by Professor Johnson
2. 在下面句子作状语的过去分词或过去分词短语下划线：
1 Guided by these principles, he worked for ten years.
2 He returned to Shanghai, disguised as a merchant.
3 “You’re right” she said, pleased.
4 Mr. Cooper, deeply moved, thanked them again and again.
5 She went home exhausted.
6 Greatly interested, they asked her to sing another song.
7 Compared to her sister, she was indeed very fortunate.
8 Depressed, she went home.
9 Urged on by hunger, he stole a loaf of bread.
10 Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.
过去分词构成复合结构 2007年09月11日 19:10 北文图书
过去分词构成复合结构
1.过去分词在某些动词后构成复合结构作宾语：
We’ll get her X-rayed.我们将让她去透视一下;
I’ve heard him criticized many times.我听见他多次受到批评;
He felt a great weight taken off his mind.他感到心头轻松了许多;
She found the door locked.她发现门锁上了;
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.谚语少说话多观察;
2.这类句子也可变为被动结构：
One of the glasses was found broken.有一只玻璃杯发现破了;
They should be kept informed of what’s going on here.应让他们知道这里发生的情况;
The door was found locked.发现门锁上了;
3.在have和get后常会用到这种结构：
I’ve had the stove lighted.我已让人把炉子生好;
Please have the note sent to Mr. Patterson.请让人把这封信送给派特森先生;
We must get the paper signed.我们必须请人把这份文件签好;
I’m trying to get the book published.我正设法让人把这书出版;
有时表示遭遇到的情况：
He had his pocket picked.他遭到扒手扒窃;
The pilot has his plane hijacked.飞行员遭到劫机;
He has got his wrist broken.他的手腕骨折了;
有时自己也参与这个动作：
I can’t get the car started.这车我起动不了啦;
Did you get the picture finished in time你及时把画画好了吗
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中的过去分词下划线：
1 She’s having her eyes tested.
2 I have heard it said that he was a national hero.
3 What made you so frightened
4 He hated to see any bird killed.
5 We can’t get the machine started.
6 How would you like it your hair cut
7 We want the work finished by June.
8 I’ve just had some photos taken.
9 We had the door painted last week.
10 He intended to have his daughter educated in England.
2. 把下面句子译为汉语：
1 Go and get your hair cut.
2 You will have to get that tooth filled.
3 I ought to get my shoes shined this afternoon.
4 He meant to get this place tidied up.
5 She got her fingers caught in the door.
6 Why don’t you have that suit cleaned
7 He had his fingers burned last night.
8 She thought of having her hair waved.
9 I had my watch stolen.
10 He wouldn’t have anything said against her.
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