人教版英语八年级下册
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
Section A 2 (3a – 3c)
教材分析：
本单元主要讨论的话题是询问某人的健康状况以及遇到麻烦的表达方法。本单元涉及到大量的表示人体部分的单词以及关于身体某部位不舒服的短语。此外，本单元还涉及到党当人身体不适时，医生、朋友或亲人提出的意见的表达法。本单元共有阅读类文章两篇，文章的主体时态都为一般过去时。主要句型为.What’s the matter with…?”“What should I/ you/ he/ she/they… do?” “I/ you/ he/ she/they should do…?” “I have a headache/stomachache/toothache.” “Does she/he/ have a fever/cold/toothache…?”总的来说，本单元的相关语法知识并不难。
教学目标：
1.知识目标：
（1）掌握一些相关的词和词组：matter, sore, have a cold, foot, neck, stomach, throat, fever, lie, lie down, rest, cough, toothache, headache, break, hurt, passenger, get off, to one’s surprise, trouble, get into, climber, be used to, sick, risk, herself, sunburned等;
（2）掌握反身代词的用法；enjoy oneself, help oneself to,
（3）掌握情态动词should的用法;
（4）掌握以下主要句型：
. What’s the matter with…?”
“What should I/ you/ he/ she/they… do?”
“I/ you/ he/ she/they should do…”
“I have a headache/stomachache/toothache.”
“Does she/he/ have a fever/cold/toothache…?”
2.能力目标：
1.能够用英语询问某人的身体状况以及关心他人是否遇到麻烦；
2.提高学生合作学习、自主学习的能力。
3.并能熟练运用所学知识就过去活动进行描述，学生听说读写的能力得到提高。
4.会使用部分情态动词；
情感目标： 1.教会学生关心他人，培养同学间团结、友善的精神。2.通过本单元的学习能引导学生关注自己及身边人的身体健康、并学习如何去关心他人及提出适当的建议。3.能使学生意识到要如何去保持健康并养成良好的生活习惯。4.培养学生主动救助处于危险境地的人的精神，在紧急关头，有勇气做出正确的决定。此外，生活中遇到困境，需要有坚强的意志力去面对一切。
教学难点：掌握情态动词should \shouldn’t. 的用法
学习have的用法
课时划分：
Section A1 1a – 2d
Section A2 3a-3c
Section A3 Grammar Focus-4c
Section B1 1a-2e
Section B2 3a-Self check
Section A 2 (3a – 3c)
Step 1 Presentation
Look at the picture. Discuss what happened and then what we should do.
Teacher: What happened in the picture.
Students:
Teacher: What should we do to help them?
Students:
Teacher: Did the bus driver help them?
Students:
Step 2 Reading
3a Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? How do you know?
Did the bus driver help the man and the woman?
3b Read the passage again and check the things that happened in the story.
1 Wang Ping was the driver of bus No.26 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday.
2 Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road.
3 The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital
right away.
4 The passagers on the bus did not want to go to the hospital, so only
Wang Ping went with the woman and old man.
5 Some passagers helped to get the old man onto the bus.
6 The old man got to the hospital in time.
Step 3 Speaking
3c Discuss the questions with a partner.
Step 4 Languages points
1.... when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
...... 这时司机看到一位老人正躺在路边。
观察与思考：
你能看出“看到某人正在做某事”的句型吗?
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
e.g. When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture.
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做过某事
e.g. I often see him draw a picture.
活学活用
1) 我看见他时他正在河边玩。
I saw him by the river.
2) 我看见过他在河边玩。
I saw him by the river.
3) 我看着他过了桥。
I see him across the bridge.
4) 我看见她正在洗碗。
I see her the dishes.
2. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.
3. He only thought about saving a life.
观察与思考：
你能看出“without thinking”、“about saving a life” 的共同点吗?
共同点：介词 + doing
介词 + 名词
宾格代词
doing
活学活用
用适当的形式填空。
1) I am fine. What about (she)?
2) Thanks for (tell) me the story?
3) It is a sunny day. How about (go) fishing?
4) It is good to relax by (use) the Internet or (watch) game shows.
4. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
to one’s surprise
使......惊讶的是，出乎......意料
e.g. To their surprise, all the students pass the exam.
Much to everyone’s surprise, the plan succeeded.
5. ... because they don’t want any trouble, ...
当trouble意为“困难；麻烦”时，是不可数名词。如：
I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.
(1) be in trouble意为“有困难；陷入困境”。
如: He always asks me for help when he is in trouble.
(2) get sb. into trouble 意为“使某人陷入困境”。
如: If you come, you may get me into trouble.
(3) 主语 + have / has trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“某人在做某事方面有困难”。如:
I have some trouble (in) reading the letter.
当trouble意为“麻烦事；烦心事”时，是可数名词。如：
She was on the phone for an hour telling me her troubles.
【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
(1) 他认为每天吃饭是一件麻烦事。
He thinks that eating every day is .
(2) 你知道你现在为什么处于困境吗？
Do you know why you now?
(3) 我妹妹在学习英语方面有困难。
My sister English.
6. right away 意为“立刻；马上”，和 in a minute 意思相近。例如：
I’ll be there right away / in a minute.
另外，right now和 at once也可表示“立刻; 马上”的意思。
【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
你必须马上出发。
You must start .
重点短语
1) 看到某人正在做某事
2) 让某人吃惊的是
3) 下车
4) 上车
5) 多亏，幸亏
6) 考虑
7) 同意做某事
8) 造成麻烦
see sb. doing sth.
to one’s surprise
get off the bus
get on the bus
thanks to
think about
agree to do sth.
get into trouble
Step 5 Exercises
用括号内的词的适当形式填空。
1. The driver saw an old man (lie) on the road.
2. I sat in the same way without (move).
3. He only thought about (save) a life and didn’t think about (him).
4. The old man needed (go) to the hospital.
5. A woman was (shout) for help.
6. He expected them (get) off the bus.
Section A 3 (Grammar focus – 4c)
Step 1 Revision (Guessing game)
Look at the pictures, guess what has happened and revise the important points the students have learned.
Step 2 Grammar focus
What’s the matter?
I have a stomachache.
You shouldn’t eat so much next time.
What’s the matter with Ben?
He hurt himself. He has a sore back.
He should lie down and rest.
Do you have a fever?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. / I don’t know.
Does he have a toothache?
Yes, he does.
He should see a dentist and get an X-ray.
What should she do?
She should take her temperature.
Should I put some medicine on it?
Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.
观察与思考
读以下四个句子，总结出have的用法。
have \ has
I have a bag.
He has noodles for breakfast.
I have a bad cold.
They have a look at the picture.
用法展现
1. 作“有”讲。 如：
I have a bag. 我有一个包。
He has a red cup. 他有一个红杯子。
2. 作“吃、喝”讲。如：
have breakfast (吃早饭)
have tea (喝茶)
have a biscuit (吃块饼干)
have a drink (喝点水)
3. 作“患病”讲。
have a cold, have a fever
4. 固定短语
have a try, have a look, have a party
活学活用
1. 她有许多好朋友。
She lots of good friends.
2. 当我们感冒时，应该多喝水。
When we bad colds, we should drink more water.
3. 他早餐常吃鸡蛋。
He eggs for breakfast.
4. 他昨天去参加聚会了。
He yesterday.
用法展现
should
should 属情态动词, 后接动词原形, 没有人称和数的变化。用于提出建议劝告别人。
should 的否定形式为 should not, 通常缩写为 shouldn’t。
1. — Tom, I have a toothache. 汤姆, 我牙痛。
— You should see a dentist. 你应当去看牙医。
2. — I’m not feeling well these days. I have bad cough.
这些天我身体不适, 老是咳嗽。
— You shouldn’t smoke so much, I think.
我认为你不该抽这么多烟。
3. — Should I put some medicine on it?
— Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.
4. — What should she do?
— She should take her temperature.
活学活用
1. — She has a stomachache.
— She eat so much next time.
2. — Should she see a dentist and get an X- ray?
— Yes, she . / No, she .
反身代词
反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。
粉墨登场
英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
用法展现
1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示 同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf.
玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。
We must look after ourselves very well.
我们必须好好照顾自己。
2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如：She isn’t quite herself today.
她今天身体不太舒服。
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。
I met the writer himself last week.
我上周见到了那位作家本人。
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。
照顾自己 look after oneself / take care of oneself
自学 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself
玩得高兴，过得愉快 enjoy oneself
请自用……（随便吃/喝些……） help oneself to sth.
摔伤自己 hurt oneself
自言自语 say to oneself
沉浸于，陶醉于……之中 lose oneself in
把某人单独留下 leave sb. by oneself
给自己买…...东西 buy oneself sth.
介绍……自己 introduce oneself
温馨提醒
1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业。
(误) Myself can finish my homework.
(正) I myself can finish my homework. /
I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。
(误) I’m drawing with myself crayons.
(正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
活学活用
1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for just now.
2. Bad luck! I cut with a knife yesterday.
3. They tell us they can look after very well.
4. My cat can find food by .
5. Help to some beef, boys.
Step 3 Exercises
4a Fill in the blanks and practice the conversations.
1. A: I hurt when I played basketball yesterday. What I do?
B: You see a doctor and get an X-ray.
2. A: the matter?
B: My sister and I sore throats. we go to school?
A: No, you .
3. A: Mike a fever?
B: No, he . He a stomachache.
A: He drink some hot tea.
4b Circle the best advice for these health problems. Then add your own advice.
1. Jenny cut herself.
She should (get an X-ray / put some medicine on the cut).
My advice: .
2. Kate has a toothache.
She should (see a dentist / get some sleep).
My advice: .
3. Mary and Sue have colds.
They shouldn’t (sleep/ exercise).
My advice: .
4. Bob has a sore back.
He should (lie down and rest / take his temperature).
My advice: .
4c One student mimes a problem. The other students in your group guess the problem and give advice.
Name
Problem
Advice
Liu Peng
fall down
go home and rest
A: What’s the matter? Did you hurt yourself playing soccer.
B: No, I didn’t.
C: Did you fall down?
B: Yes, I did.
D: You should go home and get some rest.
Section B 1 (1a-2e)
Step 1 New words
1. bandage n. 绷带 v. 用绷带包扎
2. sick adj. 生病的；有病的
e.g. Her mother is very sick. 她母亲病得很厉害。
3. knee n. 膝盖
4. nosebleed n. 鼻出血
5. breathe v. 呼吸
e.g. Fish cannot breathe out of water. 鱼离开水就不能呼吸。
6. sunburned adj. 晒伤的
7. climber n. 登山者
8. accident n. （交通）事故; 意外遭遇
9. rock n. 岩石
10. knife n. 刀
11. blood n. 血
12. control n. & v. 限制；约束；管理
13. spirit n. 勇气；意志
Step 2 Presentation
1. Discuss: Did these accidents happen to you?
When they happen, what should you do?
e.g. get hit on the head / cut her finger / fall down / have a nosebleed
2. 1a. When these accidents happen, what should you do?
Put the actions in order.
(1) Put a bandage on it.
Run it under water.
Put some medicine on it. (Key: 3, 1, 2)
(2) Go to the hospital.
Get an X-ray.
Rest for a few days. (Key: 1, 2, 3)
(3) Clean your face.
Put your head back.
Put on a clean T-shirt. (Key: 2, 1, 3)
Step 3 Listening
1. 1b. Listen to the school nurse. Check the problems you hear.
Problems
Treatments
Problems
Treatments
Someone
felt sick.
√
Someone had a nosebleed.
√
Someone cut his knee.
√
Someone hurt
his back.
Someone
had a fever.
Someone got
hit on the head.
√
2. 1c. Listen again. Write the letter of each treatment next to the problems you
checked in the chart above.
a. put a bandage on it
b. took his temperature
c. told him to rest
d. put some medicine on it
e. took him to the hospital to get an X-ray
f. told her to put her head back.
Problems
Treatments
Problems
Treatments
Someone
felt sick.
√
b, c
Someone had a nosebleed.
√
f
Someone cut his knee.
√
d, a, b, c
Someone hurt
his back.
Someone
had a fever.
Someone got
hit on the head.
√
e
Step 4 Speaking
1d. Role-play a conversation between the nurse and the teacher. Use the information in 1b and 1c.
A: Who came to your office today?
B: First, a boy came in. He hurt himself in P.E. class.
A: What happened?
B: He has a nosebleed.
Step 5 Presentation
2a. Accidents or problems can sometimes happen when we do sports. Write the letter of each sport next to each accident or problem that can happen.
A = soccer B = mountain climbing C = swimming
__ fall down __ have problems breathing
__ get hit by a ball __ get sunburned
__ cut ourselves __ hurt our back or arm
(Key: B C / A C / B A)
Step 6 Reading
1. 2b. Read the passage and underline the words you don’t know. Then look up the words in a dictionary and write down their meaning.
阅读指导：
Finding the Order of Events
Writers describe events in a certain order. Finding the order of the events will help you understand what you are reading.
2. Reading tasks:
2c. Read the statements and circle True, False or Don’t Know.
word/media/image1.gif
1 Aron almost lost his life
three times because of
climbing accidents.
True False Don’t know
word/media/image2.gif2 Aron had a serious
accident in April 2003.
True False Don’t know
3 Aron ran out of water
after three days.
word/media/image3.gifTrue False Don’t know
4 Aron wrote his book
before his serious accident.
word/media/image4.gifTrue False Don’t know
word/media/image3.gif5 Aron still goes mountain
climbing.
True False Don’t know
2d. Read the passage again and answer the questions.
1. Where did the accident happen on April 26, 2003?
2. Why couldn’t Aron move?
3. How did Aron free himself?
4. What did Aron do after the accident?
5. What does “between a rock and a hard place” mean?
Key: 1. It happened in Utah, America.
2. His arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.
3. He used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
4. He wrote a book called “Between a Rock and a Hard Place”.
5. It means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
2e. Put the sentences in the correct order. Then use them to tell Aron’s story to your partner. Try to add other details from the reading.
1. On April 26, 2003, he had a serious mountain climbing accident.
2. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
3. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains
today.
4. He wrote a book about his experience.
5. Aron lost half his right arm from the 2003 accident.
The correct order: 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
Step 7 Important phrases
摔倒 fall down
对感兴趣 be interested in
习惯于 be used to …
因为 because of
用完 run out of
准备做 be ready to do sth.
切除 cut off
离开 get out of …
掌管，管理 in control of …
继续或坚持（做某事） keep on doing sth.
Step 8 Language points
1. 观察下列句子。
1) He found himself in a very dangerous situation.
2) He was climbing by himself.
3) He bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
4) …we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place”…
himself 和ourselves称为 代词。 (反身)
2. 填写下列表格。
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
3. 观察以下两个句子，总结so that，和so … that 的用法。
1）He bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
2）His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
so that 既可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句。
引导目的状语从句时可译为"为了" ,
引导结果状语从句时可译为“以便”。
e.g. I speak loudly so that all the students can hear me clearly. (目的状语从句)
Maria likes the woolen dress so that she decides to buy it immediately. (结果状语从句)
so... that...中的so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，“如此……以致于……”。
主语 + 谓语 + so + adj. / adv. + that从句。
e.g. The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
so + adj. + a(n) + 单数名词 + that从句。
e.g. It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.
昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。
区别：
1) so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词。
2) so that引导目的状语从句前不用逗号，so that引导的结果状语从句与主句之间常有逗号相隔开，“因此; 所以”。
e.g. He worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams.
他努力学习，争取考试能获得好成绩。
He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.
他努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。
3. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
这是由when引导的定语从句。修饰前面的名词times。
e.g. I thought of the happy days when I stayed in London.
He still remembers the time when you give him the book as a gift.
4. … he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 此句为习语。表在艰难或危险的处境下“从两难中进行选择”。
e.g. Who will you save when your mother and wife are both in water?
It’s between a rock and a hard place.
5. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
mean v. “……意思是” 或 “意味着”。
e.g. What do you mean? 你的意思是什么？
… before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
……在我们做出可能意味着生死的决定前。
Step 9 Exercises
Choose the best answer.
1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn’t enjoy .
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. Lily was 9 years old. was old enough to go to school .
A. She, she B. She, herself
C. Her, herself D. Her. She
3. I made the cake by . Help , Tom.
A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself
C. myself, you D. me, him
4. Who taught history last year? Nobody! He learned it .
A. him, himself B. his, himself
C. himself, himself D. his, him
5. The camera is expensive I
can't afford it.
A. so, that B. such, that
C. so, as to D. enough, that
6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was that nobody could answer it.
A. very difficult B. too difficult
C. difficult enough D. so difficult
Key: D. B. B. A. A. D.
Section B 2 (3a-Self check)
Step 1 Revision
Aron Ralston is an American mountain 1 . There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because 2 accident. On April 26,2003, He found himself in a very dangerous 3 when climbing in Utah. On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360- kilo rock that fell on him when was climbing by 4 in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that 5 would find him. But when his water ran 6 , he knew that he would have to do something to 7 his own life. He was not ready to die that day. So he used his knife to 8 off half his right arm. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so 9 he would not lose too much 10 . After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help. His love for mountain climbing is 11 great that he kept on 12 mountains even after this experience.
Step 2 Writing
3a Imagine you are the school nurse and a student just had an accident or a health problem. Make notes about what he/she should and shouldn’t do
Accident or health problem
He / She should
He / She shouldn’t
have a sore back
lie down and rest
do sports
have a fever
take some medicine
…
have a sore throat
drink some hot tea
…
have a toothache
see a dentist
…
cut myself
put some medicine on it
…
3b Write a conversation between the nurse and the student using the notes in 3a. Use the question and phrases below to help you.
What’s the matter ? / What happened?/ Are you OK?
No, I don’t feel well./ I feel…/ I have a …/ Should I …?
You should …/ You shouldn’t…
fell down/ got hit by …/ cut myself / hurt my…
Pair work. Role play the conversation with your partner.
Step 3 Self-check
1. Write different health problems next to the body parts. Then write more health
problems you know of .
Head:
Back:
Throat:
Tooth:
Stomach:
Other problems:
Keys: have a headache/get hit on the head
have a sore back/hurt one’s back
have a sore throat
have a toothache
have a stomachache
have a fever/have a nosebleed/cut oneself
2. Put these questions and answers in order to make a conversation.
I hurt myself playing soccer. I have a sore leg.
What should I do ?
I think you should see a doctor and get an X-ray.
OK, thanks. I’ll do that now.
What’s the matter ?
Oh, that doesn’t sound good.
Keys: 2 4 5 6 1 3
3. Write advice for these people.
1) Problem: Alan cut himself.
Advice:
2) Problem: Cindy has a headache.
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