简介：受教育的机会并非人人都有，而在学校的孩子们是否都能学有所成?英国学校教育咨询师sir ken robinson 幽默演讲， 如何逃出教育的“死亡谷“? 告诉我们如何以开放的文化氛围培育年轻的一代。
thank you very much.
i moved to america 12 years ago with my wife terry and our two kids. actually, truthfully, we moved to los angeles -- (laughter) -- thinking we were moving to america, but anyway, it's a short plane ride from los angeles to america.
i got here 12 years ago, and when i got here, i was told various things, like, "americans don't get irony." have you come across this idea? it's not true. i've traveled the whole length and breadth of this country. i have found no evidence that americans don't get irony. it's one of those cultural myths, like, "the british are reserved." i don't know why people think this. we've invaded every country we've encountered. (laughter) but it's not true americans don't get irony, but i just want you to know that that's what people are saying about you behind your back. you know, so when you leave living rooms in europe, people say, thankfully, nobody was ironic in your presence.
but i knew that americans get irony when i came across that legislation no child left behind. because whoever thought of that title gets irony, don't they, because -- (laughter) (applause) — because it's leaving millions of children behind. now i can see that's not a very attractive name for legislation: millions of children left behind. i can see that. what's the plan? well, we propose to leave millions of children behind, and here's how it's going to work.
and it's working beautifully. in some parts of the country, 60 percent of kids drop out of high school. in the native american communities, it's 80 percent of kids. if we halved that number, one estimate is it would create a net gain to the u.s. economy over 10 years of nearly a trillion dollars. from an economic point of view, this is good math, isn't it, that we should do this? it actually costs an enormous amount to mop up the damage from the dropout crisis.
but the dropout crisis is just the tip of an iceberg. what it doesn't count are all the kids who are in school but being disengaged from it, who don't enjoy it, who don't get any real benefit from it.
and the reason is not that we're not spending enough money. america spends more money on education than most other countries. class sizes are smaller than in many countries. and there are hundreds of initiatives every year to try and improve education. the trouble is, it's all going in the wrong direction. there are three principles on which human life flourishes, and they are contradicted by the culture of education under which most teachers have to labor and most students have to endure.
the first is this, that human beings are naturally different and diverse.
can i ask you, how many of you have got children of your own? okay. or grandchildren. how about two children or more? right. and the rest of you have seen such children. (laughter) small people wandering about. i will make you a bet, and i am confident that i will win the bet. if you've got two children or more, i bet you they are completely different from each other. aren't they? aren't they? (applause) you would never confuse them, would you? like, "which one are you? remind me. your mother and i are going to introduce some color-coding system, so we don't get confused."
education under no child left behind is based on not diversity but conformity. what schools are encouraged to do is to find out what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement. one of the effects of no child left behind has been to narrow the focus onto the so-called stem disciplines. they're very important. i'm not here to argue against science and math. on the contrary, they're necessary but they're not sufficient. a real education has to give equal weight to the arts, the humanities, to physical education. an awful lot of kids, sorry, thank you — (applause) — one estimate in america currently is that something like 10 percent of kids, getting on that way, are being diagnosed with various conditions under the broad title of attention deficit disorder. adhd. i'm not saying there's no such thing. i just don't believe it's an epidemic like this. if you sit kids down, hour after hour, doing low-grade clerical work, don't be surprised if they start to fidget, you know? (laughter) (applause) children are not, for the most part, suffering from a psychological condition. they're suffering from childhood. (laughter) and i know this because i spent my early life as a child. i went through the whole thing. kids prosper best with a broad curriculum that celebrates their various talents, not just a small range of them. and by the way, the arts aren't just important because they improve math scores. they're important because they speak to parts of children's being which are otherwise untouched.
the second, thank you — (applause)
the second principle that drives human life flourishing is curiosity. if you can light the spark of curiosity in a child, they will learn without any further assistance, very often. children are natural learners. it's a real achievement to put that particular ability out, or to stifle it. curiosity is the engine of achievement. now the reason i say this is because one of the effects of the current culture here, if i can say so, has been to de-professionalize teachers. there is no system in the world or any school in the country that is better than its teachers. teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools. but teaching is a creative profession. teaching, properly conceived, is not a delivery system. you know, you're not there just to pass on received information. great teachers do that, but what great teachers also do is mentor, stimulate, provoke, engage. you see, in the end, education is about learning. if there's no learning going on, there's no education going on. and people can spend an awful lot of time discussing education without ever discussing learning. the whole point of education is to get people to learn.
a friend of mine, an old friend -- actually very old, he's dead. (laughter) that's as old as it gets, i'm afraid. but a wonderful guy he was, wonderful philosopher. he used to talk about the difference between the task and achievement senses of verbs. you know, you can be engaged in the activity of something, but not really be achieving it, like dieting. it's a very good example, you know. there he is. he's dieting. is he losing any weight? not really. teaching is a word like that. you can say, "there's deborah, she's in room 34, she's teaching." but if nobody's learning anything, she may be engaged in the task of teaching but not actually fulfilling it.
the role of a teacher is to facilitate learning. that's it. and part of the problem is, i think, that the dominant culture of education has come to focus on not teaching and learning, but testing. now, testing is important. standardized tests have a place. but they should not be the dominant culture of education. they should be diagnostic. they should help. (applause) if i go for a medical examination, i want some standardized tests. i do. you know, i want to know what my cholesterol level is compared to everybody else's on a standard scale. i don't want to be told on some scale my doctor invented in the car.
"your cholesterol is what i call level orange."
"really? is that good?""we don't know."
but all that should support learning. it shouldn't obstruct it, which of course it often does. so in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance. our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity. and the third principle is this: that human life is inherently creative. it's why we all have different résumés. we create our lives, and we can recreate them as we go through them. it's the common currency of being a human being. it's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic. i mean, other animals may well have imaginations and creativity, but it's not so much in evidence, is it, as ours? i mean, you may have a dog. and your dog may get depressed. you know, but it doesn't listen to radiohead, does it? (laughter) and sit staring out the window with a bottle of jack daniels. (laughter)
and you say, "would you like to come for a walk?"
he says, "no, i'm fine. you go. i'll wait. but take pictures."
we all create our own lives through this restless process of imagining alternatives and possibilities, and what one of the roles of education is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity. instead, what we have is a culture of standardization.
now, it doesn't have to be that way. it really doesn't. finland regularly comes out on top in math, science and reading. now, we only know that's what they do well at because that's all that's being tested currently. that's one of the problems of the test. they don't look for other things that matter just as much. the thing about work in finland is this: they don't obsess about those disciplines. they have a very broad approach to education which includes humanities, physical education, the arts.
second, there is no standardized testing in finland. i mean, there's a bit, but it's not what gets people up in the morning. it's not what keeps them at their desks.
and the third thing, and i was at a meeting recently with some people from finland, actual finnish people, and somebody from the american system was saying to the people in finland, "what do you do about the dropout rate in finland?"
and they all looked a bit bemused, and said, "well, we don't have one. why would you drop out? if people are in trouble, we get to them quite quickly and help them and we support them."
now people always say, "well, you know, you can't compare finland to america."
no. i think there's a population of around five million in finland. but you can compare it to a state in america. many states in america have fewer people in them than that. i mean, i've been to some states in america and i was the only person there. (laughter) really. really. i was asked to lock up when i left. (laughter)
but what all the high-performing systems in the world do is currently what is not evident, sadly, across the systems in america -- i mean, as a whole. one is this: they individualize teaching and learning. they recognize that it's students who are learning and the system has to engage them, their curiosity, their individuality, and their creativity. that's how you get them to learn.
the second is that they attribute a very high status to the teaching profession. they recognize that you can't improve education if you don't pick great people to teach and if you don't keep giving them constant support and professional development. investing in professional development is not a cost. it's an investment, and every other country that's succeeding well knows that, whether it's australia, canada, south korea, singapore, hong kong or shanghai. they know that to be the case.
and the third is, they devolve responsibility to the school level for getting the job done. you see, there's a big difference here between going into a mode of command and control in education -- that's what happens in some systems. you know, central governments decide or state governments decide they know best and they're going to tell you what to do. the trouble is that education doesn't go on in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings. it happens in classrooms and schools, and the people who do it are the teachers and the students, and if you remove their discretion, it stops working. you have to put it back to the people. (applause)
there is wonderful work happening in this country. but i have to say it's happening in spite of the dominant culture of education, not because of it. it's like people are sailing into a headwind all the time. and the reason i think is this: that many of the current policies are based on mechanistic conceptions of education. it's like education is an industrial process that can be improved just by having better data, and somewhere in, i think, the back of the mind of some policy makers is this idea that if we fine-tune it well enough, if we just get it right, it will all hum along perfectly into the future. it won't, and it never did.
the point is that education is not a mechanical system. it's a human system. it's about people, people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn. every student who drops out of school has a reason for it which is rooted in their own biography. they may find it boring. they may find it irrelevant. they may find that it's at odds with the life they're living outside of school. there are trends, but the stories are always unique. i was at a meeting recently in los angeles of -- they're called alternative education programs. these are programs designed to get kids back into education. they have certain common features. they're very personalized. they have strong support for the teachers, close links with the community and a broad and diverse curriculum, and often programs which involve students outside school as well as inside school. and they work. what's interesting to me is, these are called "alternative education." you know? and all the evidence from around the world is, if we all did that, there'd be no need for the alternative. (applause)
so i think we have to embrace a different metaphor. we have to recognize that it's a human system, and there are conditions under which people thrive, and conditions under which they don't. we are after all organic creatures, and the culture of the school is absolutely essential. culture is an organic term, isn't it?
not far from where i live is a place called death valley. death valley is the hottest, driest place in america, and nothing grows there. nothing grows there because it doesn't rain. hence, death valley. in the winter of XX, it rained in death valley. seven inches of rain fell over a very short period. and in the spring of XX, there was a phenomenon. the whole floor of death valley was carpeted in flowers for a while. what it proved is this: that death valley isn't dead. it's dormant. right beneath the surface are these seeds of possibility waiting for the right conditions to come about, and with organic systems, if the conditions are right, life is inevitable. it happens all the time. you take an area, a school, a district, you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility, a different set of expectations, a broader range of opportunities, you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners, you offer people the discretion to be creative and to innovate in what they do, and schools that were once bereft spring to life.
great leaders know that. the real role of leadership in education -- and i think it's true at the national level, the state level, at the school level -- is not and should not be command and control. the real role of leadership is climate control, creating a climate of possibility. and if you do that, people will rise to it and achieve things that you completely did not anticipate and couldn't have expected.
there's a wonderful quote from benjamin franklin. "there are three sorts of people in the world: those who are immovable, people who don't get, they don't want to get it, they're going to do anything about it. there are people who are movable, people who see the need for change and are prepared to listen to it. and there are people who move, people who make things happen." and if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement. and if the movement is strong enough, that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution. and that's what we need.
thank you very much. (applause) thank you very much. (applause)
TED英语演讲稿：二十几岁不可挥霍的光阴（附翻译）ted英语演讲稿范文（2） | when i was in my 20s, i saw my very first psychotherapy client. i was a ph.d. student in clinical psychology at berkeley. she was a 26-year-old woman named alex. now alex walked into her first session wearing jeans and a big slouchy top, and she dropped onto the couch in my office and kicked off her flats and told me she was there to talk about guy problems. now when i heard this, i was so relieved. my classmate got an arsonist for her first client. (laughter) and i got a twentysomething who wanted to talk about boys. this i thought i could handle.
but i didn't handle it. with the funny stories that alex would bring to session, it was easy for me just to nod my head while we kicked the can down the road. "thirty's the new 20," alex would say, and as far as i could tell, she was right. work happened later, marriage happened later, kids happened later, even death happened later. twentysomethings like alex and i had nothing but time.
but before long, my supervisor pushed me to push alex about her love life. i pushed back.
i said, "sure, she's dating down, she's sleeping with a knucklehead, but it's not like she's going to marry the guy."
and then my supervisor said, "not yet, but she might marry the next one. besides, the best time to work on alex's marriage is before she has one."
that's what psychologists call an "aha!" moment. that was the moment i realized, 30 is not the new 20. yes, people settle down later than they used to, but that didn't make alex's 20s a developmental downtime. that made alex's 20s a developmental sweet spot, and we were sitting there blowing it. that was when i realized that this sort of benign neglect was a real problem, and it had real consequences, not just for alex and her love life but for the careers and the families and the futures of twentysomethings everywhere.
there are 50 million twentysomethings in the united states right now. we're talking about 15 percent of the population, or 100 percent if you consider that no one's getting through adulthood without going through their 20s first.
raise your hand if you're in your 20s. i really want to see some twentysomethings here. oh, yay! y'all's awesome. if you work with twentysomethings, you love a twentysomething, you're losing sleep over twentysomethings, i want to see — okay. awesome, twentysomethings really matter.
so i specialize in twentysomethings because i believe that every single one of those 50 million twentysomethings deserves to know what psychologists, sociologists, neurologists and fertility specialists already know: that claiming your 20s is one of the simplest, yet most transformative, things you can do for work, for love, for your happiness, maybe even for the world.
this is not my opinion. these are the facts. we know that 80 percent of life's most defining moments take place by age 35. that means that eight out of 10 of the decisions and experiences and "aha!" moments that make your life what it is will have happened by your mid-30s. people who are over 40, don't panic. this crowd is going to be fine, i think. we know that the first 10 years of a career has an exponential impact on how much money you're going to earn. we know that more than half of americans are married or are living with or dating their future partner by 30. we know that the brain caps off its second and last growth spurt in your 20s as it rewires itself for adulthood, which means that whatever it is you want to change about yourself, now is the time to change it. we know that personality changes more during your 20s than at any other time in life, and we know that female fertility peaks at age 28, and things get tricky after age 35. so your 20s are the time to educate yourself about your body and your options.
so when we think about child development, we all know that the first five years are a critical period for language and attachment in the brain. it's a time when your ordinary, day-to-day life has an inordinate impact on who you will become. but what we hear less about is that there's such a thing as adult development, and our 20s are that critical period of adult development.
but this isn't what twentysomethings are hearing. newspapers talk about the changing timetable of adulthood. researchers call the 20s an extended adolescence. journalists coin silly nicknames for twentysomethings like "twixters" and "kidults." it's true. as a culture, we have trivialized what is actually the defining decade of adulthood.
leonard bernstein said that to achieve great things, you need a plan and not quite enough time. isn't that true? so what do you think happens when you pat a twentysomething on the head and you say, "you have 10 extra years to start your life"? nothing happens. you have robbed that person of his urgency and ambition, and absolutely nothing happens.
and then every day, smart, interesting twentysomethings like you or like your sons and daughters come into my office and say things like this: "i know my boyfriend's no good for me, but this relationship doesn't count. i'm just killing time." or they say, "everybody says as long as i get started on a career by the time i'm 30, i'll be fine."
but then it starts to sound like this: "my 20s are almost over, and i have nothing to show for myself. i had a better résumé the day after i graduated from college."
and then it starts to sound like this: "dating in my 20s was like musical chairs. everybody was running around and having fun, but then sometime around 30 it was like the music turned off and everybody started sitting down. i didn't want to be the only one left standing up, so sometimes i think i married my husband because he was the closest chair to me at 30."
where are the twentysomethings here? do not do that.
okay, now that sounds a little flip, but make no mistake, the stakes are very high. when a lot has been pushed to your 30s, there is enormous thirtysomething pressure to jump-start a career, pick a city, partner up, and have two or three kids in a much shorter period of time. many of these things are incompatible, and as research is just starting to show, simply harder and more stressful to do all at once in our 30s.
the post-millennial midlife crisis isn't buying a red sports car. it's realizing you can't have that career you now want. it's realizing you can't have that child you now want, or you can't give your child a sibling. too many thirtysomethings and fortysomethings look at themselves, and at me, sitting across the room, and say about their 20s, "what was i doing? what was i thinking?"
i want to change what twentysomethings are doing and thinking.
here's a story about how that can go. it's a story about a woman named emma. at 25, emma came to my office because she was, in her words, having an identity crisis. she said she thought she might like to work in art or entertainment, but she hadn't decided yet, so she'd spent the last few years waiting tables instead. because it was cheaper, she lived with a boyfriend who displayed his temper more than his ambition. and as hard as her 20s were, her early life had been even harder. she often cried in our sessions, but then would collect herself by saying, "you can't pick your family, but you can pick your friends."
well one day, emma comes in and she hangs her head in her lap, and she sobbed for most of the hour. she'd just bought a new address book, and she'd spent the morning filling in her many contacts, but then she'd been left staring at that empty blank that comes after the words "in case of emergency, please call ... ." she was nearly hysterical when she looked at me and said, "who's going to be there for me if i get in a car wreck? who's going to take care of me if i have cancer?"
now in that moment, it took everything i had not to say, "i will." but what emma needed wasn't some therapist who really, really cared. emma needed a better life, and i knew this was her chance. i had learned too much since i first worked with alex to just sit there while emma's defining decade went parading by.
so over the next weeks and months, i told emma three things that every twentysomething, male or female, deserves to hear.
first, i told emma to forget about having an identity crisis and get some identity capital. by get identity capital, i mean do something that adds value to who you are. do something that's an investment in who you might want to be next. i didn't know the future of emma's career, and no one knows the future of work, but i do know this: identity capital begets identity capital. so now is the time for that cross-country job, that internship, that startup you want to try. i'm not discounting twentysomething exploration here, but i am discounting exploration that's not supposed to count, which, by the way, is not exploration. that's procrastination. i told emma to explore work and make it count.
second, i told emma that the urban tribe is overrated. best friends are great for giving rides to the airport, but twentysomethings who huddle together with like-minded peers limit who they know, what they know, how they think, how they speak, and where they work. that new piece of capital, that new person to date almost always comes from outside the inner circle. new things come from what are called our weak ties, our friends of friends of friends. so yes, half of twentysomethings are un- or under-employed. but half aren't, and weak ties are how you get yourself into that group. half of new jobs are never posted, so reaching out to your neighbor's boss is how you get that un-posted job. it's not cheating. it's the science of how information spreads.
last but not least, emma believed that you can't pick your family, but you can pick your friends. now this was true for her growing up, but as a twentysomething, soon emma would pick her family when she partnered with someone and created a family of her own. i told emma the time to start picking your family is now. now you may be thinking that 30 is actually a better time to settle down than 20, or even 25, and i agree with you. but grabbing whoever you're living with or sleeping with when everyone on facebook starts walking down the aisle is not progress. the best time to work on your marriage is before you have one, and that means being as intentional with love as you are with work. picking your family is about consciously choosing who and what you want rather than just making it work or killing time with whoever happens to be choosing you.
so what happened to emma? well, we went through that address book, and she found an old roommate's cousin who worked at an art museum in another state. that weak tie helped her get a job there. that job offer gave her the reason to leave that live-in boyfriend. now, five years later, she's a special events planner for museums. she's married to a man she mindfully chose. she loves her new career, she loves her new family, and she sent me a card that said, "now the emergency contact blanks don't seem big enough."
now emma's story made that sound easy, but that's what i love about working with twentysomethings. they are so easy to help. twentysomethings are like airplanes just leaving lax, bound for somewhere west. right after takeoff, a slight change in course is the difference between landing in alaska or fiji. likewise, at 21 or 25 or even 29, one good conversation, one good break, one good ted talk, can have an enormous effect across years and even generations to come.
so here's an idea worth spreading to every twentysomething you know. it's as simple as what i learned to say to alex. it's what i now have the privilege of saying to twentysomethings like emma every single day: thirty is not the new 20, so claim your adulthood, get some identity capital, use your weak ties, pick your family. don't be defined by what you didn't know or didn't do. you're deciding your life right now. thank you. (applause)
译文：
记得见我第一位心理咨询顾客时，我才20多岁。当时我是berkeley临床心理学在读博士生。我的第一位顾客是名叫alex的女性，26岁。第一次见面alex穿着牛仔裤和宽松上衣走进来，她一下子栽进我办公室的沙发上，踢掉脚上的平底鞋，跟我说她想谈谈男生的问题。
当时我听到这个之后松了一口气。因为我同学的第一个顾客是纵火犯，而我的顾客却是一个20出头想谈谈男生的女孩。我觉得我可以搞定。但是我没有搞定。
alex不断地讲有趣的事情，而我只能简单地点头认同她所说的，很自然地就陷入了附和的状态。alex说：“30岁是一个新的20岁。”没错，我告诉她“你是对的”。工作还早，结婚还早，生孩子还早，甚至死亡也早着呢。像alex和我这样20多岁的人，什么都没有但时间多的是。
但不久之后，我的导师就要我向alex的感情生活施压。我反驳说：“当然她现在正在和别人交往，她现在和一个傻瓜男生睡觉，但看样子她不会和他结婚的。”而我的导师说：“不着急，她也许会和下一个结婚。但修复alex婚姻的最好时期，是她还没拥有婚姻的时期。”
这就是心理学家说的“顿悟时刻”。正是那个时候我意识到，30岁不是一个新的20岁。
的确，和以前的人相比，现在人们更晚才安定下来，但是这不代表alex就能长期处于20多岁的状态。更晚安定下来，应该使alex的20多岁成为发展的黄金时段，而我们却坐在那里忽视这个发展的时机。从那时起我意识到，这种善意的忽视，确实是个问题，它不仅给alex本身和她的感情生活带来不良后果，而且影响到处20多岁的人的事业、家庭和未来。
现在在美国，20多岁的人有五千万，也就是15%的人口，或者可以说所有人口，因为所有成年人都要经历他们的20多岁。我专门研究20多岁的人，因为我坚信这五千万的20多岁的人，每一个人都应该去了解那些心理学家、社会学家、神经学家和生育专家已经知道的事实：你的20多岁是极简单，却极具变化的时期之一。你20多岁的时光决定了你的事业、爱情、幸福甚至整个世界。
这不是我的看法。这些是事实。我们知道80%决定你生活的时刻发生在35岁之前。这就意味着你生活的重要决定、经历和突然的领悟，有八成是在你30多岁之前发生的。那些超过40岁的朋友不要惊慌，我想这群人会没事的。
我们知道职业生涯的前XX年，对你将来的收入有重大影响。我们知道到了30岁的时候，超过半数的美国人会结婚，或者和未来的另一半同居或者约会。我们知道人在20多岁的时候，大脑停止第二次也是最后一次重组，以适应成年世界的快速发育阶段。这就意味着不管你想怎样改变自己，现在是时间改变了。
我们知道在20多岁的时候，性格的改变多于生命中任何时期。我们也知道女性的最佳生育时期，在28岁的时候达到顶峰，35岁之后生育变得困难。所以你的20多岁正是了解你自身和选择的时期。
当我们想到孩童的成长时，我们都知道1-5岁，是大脑学习语言和感知的重要时期。这个时期，日常的普通生活，都会对你的未来道路影响巨大。但是我们却很少听到成年发展期，而我们的20多岁正是成年发展期的关键。
但是20多岁的人却听不到这些，报纸讨论的只是成年年龄界线的变更。研究者称20多岁是延长的青春期。记者就引用傻傻的外号称呼20多岁的人，比如“twixters” (twenty-mixters)和“kidults”(kid-adults)。这是真的。作为一种文化，我们的忽视的正是对成年起到决定性作用的十年(从20岁到30岁)。
雷昂纳德·伯恩斯坦说过：要想取得成就，你需要一个计划和紧迫的时间。这是大实话啊!所以当你拍着一个20多岁的人的脑袋，跟他说，“你有额外的XX年去开始你的生活”，你觉得这改变了什么?什么都没改变。你只是夺走了那个人的紧迫感和雄心壮志，绝对没有改变什么。
然后每天，那些聪明有趣的20多岁的人，就像你们和你们的儿子女儿一样，走入我的办公室开始说：“我知道我的男朋友对我不够好，但是我们的关系不算数。我只是在消磨时光而已。”或者说“每个人都告诉我，只要能在30岁的时候开始我的事业，这就足够了。”
但是实际听上去却是：“我马上就要三十了，却根本就没有东西展示。我只是在大学毕业时，有过一份最漂亮的简历。”或是这样：“我20多岁时的约会，就像找凳子。每个人都绕着凳子跑，随便玩一玩，但是快30的时候，就像音乐停止了，所有人开始坐下。我不想成为那唯一站着的人，所以有时候我会想我和我丈夫之所以会结婚，是因为在我30岁的时候，他是当时离我最近的那张凳子。”
20多岁的人呐，千万不要这样做。这个做法听起来有点轻率，但是不要犯错，因为风险很高。当很多事都被挤到你30多岁的时候，就会有巨大压力，在很短的时间内快速启动一项事业，挑一个城市，找到伴侣，生两三个孩子。这些事大多是不能同时完成的，正如研究表明，在30岁的时候，要想工作、生活一步到位，难度很高，压力很大。
千禧年后的中年危机并不是一辆红色跑车。而是意识到你不能拥有你想拥有的事业，意识到你不能拥有你想要的孩子，或者给你的孩子添个兄弟姐妹。太多30多岁40多岁的人，看看他们自己，看看我，坐在屋子里谈论自己的20多岁，“我当时都干么了?我当时都想啥了?”我想改变现在20多岁人的所思所为。
这里我想讲个故事说明问题。这个故事是关于名叫emma一个女人。她25岁的时候，走入我的办公室，因为用她自己的话说，她有自我认识危机。她说她也许想从事关于艺术或者娱乐的工作，但是她还没决定。所以取而代之的是，她花了过去几年的时间当服务员。为了减少开销，她和她的男朋友同居，一个脾气暴躁而无志向的人。
正如她悲惨的20多岁，她早年的生活更加悲惨。她经常在谈话过程中哭泣，努力镇定下来后说“你没办法选择你的家庭，但是你可以选择你的朋友。”有一天，emma走进来，她双手抱头于膝盖，然后抽泣了几乎一个小时。她刚买了一个新的通讯录本子，然后花了一整个早上的时间，填写她的联系人信息。当她填到“万一发生紧急情况，请联系…”的时候，她没有任何人可填。
她几乎崩溃地看着我并说，“如果我被车撞了，谁会在那里?假如我得癌症了，谁会在那里?”在那种情况下，我花了好大力气才忍住说“我会。”emma所需要的，并不是理疗师所真正关心的。她需要一个更好的生活，我知道这是她的机会。自alex开始，我从这份工作上学到了很多，不能只是坐在那里看着emma十年黄金定型期白白消逝。所以接下去的几个星期几个月，我告诉emma三件事，所有20多岁的男生女生都值得听一听。
首先，我告诉emma忘掉她的自我认识危机，去获得一些身份认定的资本。
身份资本是指做增加自我价值的事。为自己下一步想成为的样子，做一些事一些投资。我不知道emma的工作将来是什么样的，也没人知道将来的工作是什么样的，但是我知道：身份资本会创造出更多身份资本。
现在是时候去尝试你想要的海外工作、实习或者新起点。我不是轻视20多岁的自我探索，而是轻视那些随便玩玩无所谓的探索，或者从某种意义上说那不是探索。那是拖沓!我告诉emma去探索工作，让她的探索有所回报。
第二，我告诉emma不要高估自己的朋友圈。
好朋友会载你去机场，而和“志同道合的朋友”瞎混的20多岁的人，他们的交际圈、知识面、思维方式、说话方式和工作层面都被限制住了。新的资本或者新的约会对象，往往是从内部交际圈之外来的。新的事情来自我们所谓的“远的关系”，我们朋友的朋友的朋友。
没错，半数20多岁的人，处在失业和半失业的状态。但是另外一半的人却不是这样的，“远的关系”正是你融入一个新的群体的纽带。有半数的新工作从来不公示出来，所以联络你邻居的老板，是你找到那些未公示工作的方式。这不叫作弊，这是信息传播的科学方式。
最后一点也很重要，emma相信你无法选择你的家庭，但是你可以选择你的朋友。可这只是她成长时期的状况。
作为一个20多岁的人，emma很快会与某人为伴组建她自己的新家庭。我告诉emma现在就是你选择你家庭的时候。现在你也许会想相比于20岁，25岁或30岁时组建家庭会更好。我同意你的看法。但是当你facebook上的朋友，都开始步入婚姻殿堂时，你随便抓一个人一起生活、睡觉，绝对不是组建家庭的过程。
经营你婚姻的最佳时间，是你还没结婚的时候，这意味要像你为了工作一样精心谋划。选择你的家庭，是有意识地去选择你想要的人和事，而不是为了结婚或者消磨时光，任意选择一个正好选择你的人。
emma发生了什么变化呢?
我们翻了一遍通讯录，她发现她原来的舍友的表妹，在另一个州的一家艺术博物馆工作。这层远关系帮助她在那里得到一份工作。这份工作给她一个理由离开她那同居的男友。现在五年过去了，她是一名博物馆特别活动策划者。她和一个她用心选择的男人结婚了。她爱她的事业，她爱她的新家，她寄给我一张贺卡写道，“现在紧急联系栏似乎不够填呢。”
emma的故事听起来简单，这正是为什么我爱和20多岁人打交道。帮助20多岁的人很容易。20多岁就像离开洛杉矶飞往西部某处的飞机，起飞之后，一点小小变化，都会影响到它最终将降落在阿拉斯加还是斐济。
同理，在你21岁，25岁甚至29岁的时候，一次好的谈话、好的休息、好的ted演讲，能在未来的几年甚至几代人的时间里，带来巨大的影响。因此这个想法值得传达给每一个你所认识的20多岁人。这想法就像我后来告诉alex的话一样简单。
我每天都对像emma这样的20多岁的人说：30岁不是一个新的20岁，所以规划好你的成年生活，获得一些身份认同资本，利用你的远关系，选择你的家庭。不要被你所不知道的，从未做过的事所禁锢。你现在的作为决定着你的人生。
TED英语演讲稿：坠机让我学到的三件事ted英语演讲稿范文（3） | 灾难到来时，我们会发现看似普通的日常生活是多么可贵。XX年1月15日，全美航空1549号班机迫降纽约哈德逊河，ric elias 就坐在第一排的位置。听他分享在“人生最后一刻” 学到了什么。
imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary.
想像一个大爆炸，当你在三千多英尺的高空;想像机舱内布满黑烟，想像引擎发出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的声响，听起来很可怕。
well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, "no problem. we probably hit some birds." the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we weren't that far. you could see manhattan.
那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服员说话的人，于是我立刻看着他们，他们说，“没问题，我们可能撞上鸟了。” 机长已经把机头转向，我们离目的地很近，已经可以看到曼哈顿了。
two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. that's usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words i've ever heard. he says, "brace for impact."
两分钟以后，三件事情同时发生：机长把飞机对齐哈德逊河，一般的航道可不是这样。他关上引擎。想像坐在一架没有声音的飞机上。然后他说了几个，我听过最不带情绪的几个，他说，“即将迫降，小心冲击。”
i didn't have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over.
我不用再问空服员什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐惧，人生结束了。
now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.
现在我想和你们分享那天我所学到的三件事。
i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didn't, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the experiences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, "collect bad wines". because if the wine is ready and the person is there, i'm opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.
在那一瞬间内，一切都改变了。我们的人生目标清单，那些我们想做的事，所有那些我想联络却没有联络的人，那些我想修补的围墙，人际关系，所有我想经历却没有经历的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句话，那就是，“我收藏的酒都很差。” 因为如果酒已成熟，分享对象也有，我早就把把酒打开了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，这种紧迫感、目标性改变了我的生命。
the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, i've lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, i've tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. it's not perfect, but it's a lot better. i've not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no longer try to be right; i choose to be happy.
那天我学到的第二件事是，正当我们通过乔治华盛顿大桥，那也没过多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。虽然我有人性缺点，也犯了些错，但我生活得其实不错。我试着把每件事做得更好。但因为人性，我难免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了许多时间，和生命中重要的人讨论那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人们的关系，之后，回想这件事时，我决定除掉我人生中的负面情绪。还没完全做到，但确实好多了。过去两年我从未和妻子吵架，感觉很好，我不再尝试争论对错，我选择快乐。
the third thing i learned - and this's as you mental clock starts going, "15, 14, 13." you can see the water coming. i'm saying, "please blow up." i don't want this thing to break in 20 pieces like you've seen in those documentaries. and as we're coming down, i had a sense of, wow, dying is not scary. it's almost like we've been preparing for it our whole lives .but it was very sad. i didn't want to go. i love my life. and that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing. i only wish i could see my kids grow up.
我所学到的第三件事是，当你脑中的始终开始倒数“15，14，13”，看到水开始涌入，心想，“拜托爆炸吧!” 我不希望这东西碎成20片，就像纪录片中看到的那样。当我们逐渐下沉，我突然感觉到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我们一生一直在为此做准备，但很令人悲伤。我不想就这样离开，我热爱我的生命。这个悲伤的主要来源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子长大。
about a month later, i was at a performance by my daugter - first-grade, not much artistic talent... yet. and i 'm balling, i'm crying, like a little kid. and it made all the sense in the world to me. i realized at that point by connecting those two dots, that the only thing that matters in my life is being a great dad. above all, above all, the only goal i have in life is to be a good dad.
一个月后，我参加女儿的表演，她一年级，没什么艺术天份，就算如此。我泪流满面，像个孩子，这让我的世界重新有了意义。当当时我意识到，将这两件事连接起来，其实我生命中唯一重要的事，就是成为一个好父亲，比任何事都重要，比任何事都重要，我人生中唯一的目标就是做个好父亲。
i was given the gift of a miracle, of not dying that day. i was given another gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.
那天我经历了一个奇迹，我活下來了。我还得到另一个启示，像是看见自己的未来再回來，改变自己的人生。
i challenge you guys that are flying today, imagine the same thing happens on your plane - and please don't - but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that you're waiting to get done because you think you'll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can?
我鼓励今天要坐飞机的各位，想像如果你坐的飞机出了同样的事，最好不要-但想像一下，你会如何改变?有什么是你想做却没做的，因为你觉得你有其它机会做它?你会如何改变你的人际关系，不再如此负面?最重要的是，你是否尽力成为一个好父母?
thank you.
谢谢。
TED英语演讲稿：二十岁是不可以挥霍的光阴ted英语演讲稿范文（4） | 5天内超过60万次浏览量的最新ted演讲“二十岁一去不再来”激起了世界各地的热烈讨论，资深心理治疗师 meg jay 分享给20多岁青年人的人生建议：(1)不要为你究竟是谁而烦恼，去赚那些说明你是谁的资本。(2)不要把自己封锁在小圈子里。(3)记住你可以选择自己的家庭。
meg说：“第一，我常告诉二十多岁的男孩女孩，不要为你究竟是谁而烦恼，开始思考你可以是谁，并且去赚那些说明你是谁的资本。现在就是最好的尝试时机，不管是海外实习，还是创业，或者做公益。第二，年轻人经常聚在一起，感情好到可以穿一条裤子。可是社会中许多机会是从远关系开始的，不要把自己封锁在小圈子里，走出去你才会对自己的经历有更多的认识。第三，记住你可以选择自己的家庭。你的婚姻就是未来几十年的家庭，就算你要到三十岁结婚，现在选择和 什么样的人交往也是至关重要的。简而言之，二十岁是不能轻易挥霍的美好时光。”
这段关于20岁青年人如何看待人生的演讲引起了许多ted粉丝的讨论，来自tedx组织团队的david webber就说：meg指出最重要的一点便是青年人需要及早意识到积累经验和眼界，无论是20岁还是30岁，都是有利自己发展的重要事。”
when i was in my 20s, i saw my very first psychotherapy client. i was a ph.d. student in clinical psychology at berkeley. she was a 26-year-old woman named alex.
记得见我第一位心理咨询顾客时，我才20多岁。当时我是berkeley临床心理学在读博士生。我的第一位顾客是名叫alex的女性，26岁。
now alex walked into her first session wearing jeans and a big slouchy top, and she dropped onto the couch in my office and kicked off her flats and told me she was there to talk about guy problems. now when i heard this, i was so relieved. my classmate got an arsonist for her first client. (laughter) and i got a twentysomething who wanted to talk about boys. this i thought i could handle.
第一次见面alex穿着牛仔裤和宽松上衣走进来，她一下子栽进我办公室的沙发上，踢掉脚上的平底鞋，跟我说她想谈谈男生的问题。当时我听到这个之后松了一口气。因为我同学的第一个顾客是纵火犯，而我的顾客却是一个20出头想谈谈男生的女孩。我觉得我可以搞定。
but i didn't handle it. with the funny stories that alex would bring to session, it was easy for me just to nod my head while we kicked the can down the road.
但是我没有搞定。alex不断地讲有趣的事情，而我只能简单地点头认同她所说的，很自然地就陷入了附和的状态。
"thirty's the new 20," alex would say, and as far as i could tell, she was right. work happened later, marriage happened later, kids happened later, even death happened later. twentysomethings like alex and i had nothing but time.
alex说：“30岁是一个新的20岁”。没错，我告诉她“你是对的”。工作还早，结婚还早，生孩子还早，甚至死亡也早着呢。像alex和我这样20多岁的人，什么都没有但时间多的是。
but before long, my supervisor pushed me to push alex about her love life. i pushed back. i said, "sure, she's dating down, she's sleeping with a knucklehead, but it's not like she's going to marry the guy." and then my supervisor said, "not yet, but she might marry the next one. besides, the best time to work on alex's marriage is before she has one."
但不久之后，我的导师就要我向alex的感情生活施压。我反驳说：“当然她现在正在和别人交往，她现在和一个傻瓜男生睡觉，但看样子她不会和他结婚的。” 而我的导师说：“不着急，她也许会和下一个结婚。但修复alex婚姻的最好时期是她还没拥有婚姻的时期。”
that's what psychologists call an "aha!" moment. that was the moment i realized, 30 is not the new 20. yes, people settle down later than they used to, but that didn't make alex's 20s a developmental downtime.
这就是心理学家说的“顿悟时刻”。正是那个时候我意识到，30岁不是一个新的20岁。的确，和以前的人相比，现在人们更晚才安定下来，但是这不代表alex就能长期处于20多岁的状态。
that made alex's 20s a developmental sweet spot, and we were sitting there blowing it. that was when i realized that this sort of benign neglect was a real problem, and it had real consequences, not just for alex and her love life but for the careers and the families and the futures of twentysomethings everywhere.
更晚安定下来，应该使alex的20多岁成为发展的黄金时段，而我们却坐在那里忽视这个发展的时机。从那时起我意识到这种善意的忽视确实是个问题，它不仅给alex本身和她的感情生活带来不良后果，而且影响到处20多岁的人的事业、家庭和未来。
there are 50 million twentysomethings in the united states right now. we're talking about 15 percent of the population, or 100 percent if you consider that no one's getting through adulthood without going through their 20s first.
现在在美国，20多岁的人有五千万，也就是15%的人口，或者可以说所有人口，因为所有成年人都要经历他们的20多岁。
raise your hand if you're in your 20s. i really want to see some twentysomethings here. oh, yay! y'all's awesome. if you work with twentysomethings, you love a twentysomething, you're losing sleep over twentysomethings, i want to see — okay. awesome, twentysomethings really matter.
如果你现在20多岁，请举手。我很想看到有20多岁的人在这里。哦，很好。如果你和20多岁的人一起工作，你喜欢20多岁的人，你因为20多岁的人辗转难眠，我想看到你们。很棒，看来20多岁的人确实很受重视。
so i specialize in twentysomethings because i believe that every single one of those 50 million twentysomethings deserves to know what psychologists, sociologists, neurologists and fertility specialists already know: that claiming your 20s is one of the simplest, yet most transformative, things you can do for work, for love, for your happiness, maybe even for the world.
因此我专门研究20多岁的人，因为我坚信这五千万的20多岁的人，每一个人都应该去了解那些心理学家、社会学家、神经学家和生育专家已经知道的事实：你的20多岁是极简单却极具变化的时期之一。你20多岁的时光决定了你的事业、爱情、幸福甚至整个世界。
this is not my opinion. these are the facts. we know that 80 percent of life's most defining moments take place by age 35. that means that eight out of 10 of the decisions and experiences and "aha!" moments that make your life what it is will have happened by your mid-30s.
这不是我的看法。这些是事实。我们知道80%决定你生活的时刻发生在35岁之前。这就意味着你生活的重要决定、经历和突然的领悟，有八成是在你30多岁之前发生的。
people who are over 40, don't panic. this crowd is going to be fine, i think. we know that the first 10 years of a career has an exponential impact on how much money you're going to earn. we know that more than half of americans are married or are living with or dating their future partner by 30.
那些超过40岁的朋友不要惊慌，我想这群人会没事的。我们知道职业生涯的前XX年对你将来的收入有重大影响。我们知道到了30岁的时候，超过半数的美国人会结婚或者和未来的另一半同居或者约会。
we know that the brain caps off its second and last growth spurt in your 20s as it rewires itself for adulthood, which means that whatever it is you want to change about yourself, now is the time to change it. we know that personality changes more during your 20s than at any other time in life, and we know that female fertility peaks at age 28, and things get tricky after age 35.
我们知道人在20多岁的时候大脑停止第二次也是最后一次重组，以适应成年世界的快速发育阶段。这就意味着不管你想怎样改变自己，现在就是时间改变了。我们知道在20多岁的时候，性格的改变多于生命中任何时期。我们也知道女性的最佳生育时期在28岁的时候达到顶峰，35岁之后生育变得困难。
so your 20s are the time to educate yourself about your body and your options. so when we think about child development, we all know that the first five years are a critical period for language and attachment in the brain. it's a time when your ordinary, day-to-day life has an inordinate impact on who you will become.
所以你的20多岁正是了解你自身和选择的时期。当我们想到孩童的成长时，我们都知道1-5岁是大脑学习语言和感知的重要时期。这个时期，日常的普通生活都会对你的未来道路影响巨大。
but what we hear less about is that there's such a thing as adult development, and our 20s are that critical period of adult development. but this isn't what twentysomethings are hearing. newspapers talk about the changing timetable of adulthood.
但是我们却很少听到成年发展期，而我们的20多岁正是成年发展期的关键。但是20多岁的人却听不到这些，报纸讨论的只是成年年龄界线的变更。
researchers call the 20s an extended adolescence. journalists coin silly nicknames for twentysomethings like "twixters" and "kidults." it's true. as a culture, we have trivialized what is actually the defining decade of adulthood.
研究者称20多岁是延长的青春期。记者就引用傻傻的外号称呼20多岁的人，比如“twixters” (twenty-mixters)和“kidults”(kid-adults)。 这是真的。作为一种文化，我们的忽视的正是对成年起到决定性作用的十年(从20岁到30岁)。
leonard bernstein said that to achieve great things, you need a plan and not quite enough time. isn't that true? so what do you think happens when you pat a twentysomething on the head and you say, "you have 10 extra years to start your life"? nothing happens. you have robbed that person of his urgency and ambition, and absolutely nothing happens.
雷昂纳德·伯恩斯坦说过：要想取得成就，你需要一个计划和紧迫的时间。这是大实话啊!所以当你拍着一个20多岁的人的脑袋，跟他说，“你有额外的XX年去开始你的生活”，你觉得这改变了什么?什么都没改变。你只是夺走了那个人的紧迫感和雄心壮志，绝对没有改变什么。
and then every day, smart, interesting twentysomethings like you or like your sons and daughters come into my office and say things like this: "i know my boyfriend's no good for me, but this relationship doesn't count. i'm just killing time." or they say, "everybody says as long as i get started on a career by the time i'm 30, i'll be fine."
然后每天，那些聪明有趣的20多岁的人就像你们和你们的儿子女儿一样，走入我的办公室开始说：“我知道我的男朋友对我不够好，但是我们的关系不算数。我只是在消磨时光而已。”或者说“每个人都告诉我只要能在30岁的时候开始我的事业，这就足够了。”
but then it starts to sound like this: "my 20s are almost over, and i have nothing to show for myself. i had a better résumé the day after i graduated from college." and then it starts to sound like this: "dating in my 20s was like musical chairs. everybody was running around and having fun, but then sometime around 30 it was like the music turned off and everybody started sitting down.
但是实际听上去却是：“我马上就要三十了，却根本就没有东西展示。我只是在大学毕业时有过一份最漂亮的简历。” 或是这样：“我20多岁时的约会就像找凳子。每个人都绕着凳子跑，随便玩一玩，但是快30的时候就像音乐停止了，所有人开始坐下。
i didn't want to be the only one left standing up, so sometimes i think i married my husband because he was the closest chair to me at 30." where are the twentysomethings here? do not do that. okay, now that sounds a little flip, but make no mistake, the stakes are very high.
我不想成为那唯一站着的人，所以有时候我会想我和我丈夫之所以会结婚，是因为在我30岁的时候，他是当时离我最近的那张凳子。在场的20多岁的人呐，千万不要这样做。这个做法听起来有点轻率，但是不要犯错，因为风险很高。
when a lot has been pushed to your 30s, there is enormous thirtysomething pressure to jump-start a career, pick a city, partner up, and have two or three kids in a much shorter period of time. many of these things are incompatible, and as research is just starting to show, simply harder and more stressful to do all at once in our 30s.
当很多事都被挤到你30多岁的时候，就会有巨大压力，在很短的时间内快速启动一项事业，挑一个城市，找到伴侣，生两三个孩子。这些事大多是不能同时完成的，正如研究表明，在30岁的时候要想工作生活一步到位，难度很高，压力很大。
the post-millennial midlife crisis isn't buying a red sports car. it's realizing you can't have that career you now want. it's realizing you can't have that child you now want, or you can't give your child a sibling.
千禧年后的中年危机并不是一辆红色跑车。而是意识到你不能拥有你想拥有的事业，意识到你不能拥有你想要的孩子，或者给你的孩子添个兄弟姐妹。
too many thirtysomethings and fortysomethings look at themselves, and at me, sitting across the room, and say about their 20s, "what was i doing? what was i thinking?" i want to change what twentysomethings are doing and thinking.
太多30多岁40多岁的人看看他们自己，看看我，坐在屋子里谈论自己的20多岁，“我当时都干么了?我当时都想啥了?”我想改变现在20多岁人的所思所为。
here's a story about how that can go. it's a story about a woman named emma. at 25, emma came to my office because she was, in her words, having an identity crisis. she said she thought she might like to work in art or entertainment, but she hadn't decided yet, so she'd spent the last few years waiting tables instead.
这里我想讲个故事说明问题。这个故事是关于名叫emma一个女人。她25岁的时候走入我的办公室，因为用她自己的话说，她有自我认识危机。她说她也许想从事关于艺术或者娱乐的工作，但是她还没决定。所以取而代之的是她花了过去几年的时间当服务员。
because it was cheaper, she lived with a boyfriend who displayed his temper more than his ambition. and as hard as her 20s were, her early life had been even harder. she often cried in our sessions, but then would collect herself by saying, "you can't pick your family, but you can pick your friends."
为了减少开销，她和她的男朋友同居，一个脾气暴躁而无志向的人。正如她悲惨的20多岁，她早年的生活更加悲惨。她经常在谈话过程中哭泣，努力镇定下来后说“你没办法选择你的家庭，但是你可以选择你的朋友。”
well one day, emma comes in and she hangs her head in her lap, and she sobbed for most of the hour. she'd just bought a new address book, and she'd spent the morning filling in her many contacts, but then she'd been left staring at that empty blank that comes after the words "in case of emergency, please call ... "
有一天，emma走进来，她双手抱头于膝盖，然后抽泣了几乎一个小时。她刚买了一个新的通讯录本子，然后花了一整个早上的时间填写她的联系人信息。当她填到“万一发生紧急情况，请联系...”的时候，她没有任何人可填。
she was nearly hysterical when she looked at me and said, "who's going to be there for me if i get in a car wreck? who's going to take care of me if i have cancer?" now in that moment, it took everything i had not to say, "i will."
她几乎崩溃地看着我并说，“如果我被车撞了，谁会在那里?假如我得癌症了，谁会在那里?” 在那种情况下，我花了好大力气才忍住说“我会。”
but what emma needed wasn't some therapist who really, really cared. emma needed a better life, and i knew this was her chance. i had learned too much since i first worked with alex to just sit there while emma's defining decade went parading by.
emma所需要的并不是理疗师所真正关心的。她需要一个更好的生活，我知道这是她的机会。自alex开始，我从这份工作上学到了很多，不能只是坐在那里看着emma十年黄金定型期白白消逝。
so over the next weeks and months, i told emma three things that every twentysomething, male or female, deserves to hear.
所以接下去的几个星期几个月，我告诉emma三件事，所有20多岁的男生女生都值得听一听。
first, i told emma to forget about having an identity crisis and get some identity capital. by get identity capital, i mean do something that adds value to who you are. do something that's an investment in who you might want to be next.
首先，我告诉emma忘掉她的自我认识危机，去获得一些身份认定的资本。身份资本是指做增加自我价值的事。为自己下一步想成为的样子做一些事一些投资。
i didn't know the future of emma's career, and no one knows the future of work, but i do know this: identity capital begets identity capital. so now is the time for that cross-country job, that internship, that startup you want to try.
我不知道emma的工作将来是什么样的，也没人知道将来的工作是什么样的，但是我知道：身份资本会创造出更多身份资本。现在是时候去尝试你想要的海外工作、实习或者新起点。
i'm not discounting twentysomething exploration here, but i am discounting exploration that's not supposed to count, which, by the way, is not exploration. that's procrastination. i told emma to explore work and make it count.
我不是轻视20多岁的自我探索，而是轻视那些随便玩玩无所谓的探索，或者从某种意义上说那不是探索。那是拖沓!我告诉emma去探索工作，让她的探索有所回报。
second, i told emma that the urban tribe is overrated.
第二，我告诉emma不要高估自己的朋友圈。
best friends are great for giving rides to the airport, but twentysomethings who huddle together with like-minded peers limit who they know, what they know, how they think, how they speak, and where they work. that new piece of capital, that new person to date almost always comes from outside the inner circle.
好朋友会载你去机场，而和“志同道合的朋友” 瞎混的20多岁的人，他们的交际圈、知识面、思维方式、说话方式和工作层面都被限制住了。新的资本或者新的约会对方往往是从内部交际圈之外来的。
new things come from what are called our weak ties, our friends of friends of friends. so yes, half of twentysomethings are un- or under-employed. but half aren't, and weak ties are how you get yourself into that group. half of new jobs are never posted, so reaching out to your neighbor's boss is how you get that un-posted job. it's not cheating. it's the science of how information spreads.
新的事情来自我们所谓的“远的关系”，我们朋友的朋友的朋友。没错，半数20多岁的人处在失业和半失业的状态。但是另外一半的人却不是这样的，“远的关系”正是你融入一个新的群体的纽带。有半数的新工作从来不公示出来，所以联络你邻居的老板是你找到那些未公示工作的方式。这不叫作弊，这是信息传播的科学方式。
last but not least, emma believed that you can't pick your family, but you can pick your friends. now this was true for her growing up, but as a twentysomething, soon emma would pick her family when she partnered with someone and created a family of her own.
最后一点也很重要，emma相信你无法选择你的家庭，但是你可以选择你的朋友。可这只是她成长时期的状况。作为一个20多岁的人，emma很快会与某人为伴组建她自己的新家庭。
i told emma the time to start picking your family is now. now you may be thinking that 30 is actually a better time to settle down than 20, or even 25, and i agree with you. but grabbing whoever you're living with or sleeping with when everyone on facebook starts walking down the aisle is not progress.
我告诉emma现在就是你选择你家庭的时候。现在你也许会想相比于20岁，25岁或30岁时组建家庭会更好。我同意你的看法。但是当你facebook上的朋友都开始步入婚姻殿堂时，你随便抓一个人一起生活、睡觉绝对不是组建家庭的过程。
the best time to work on your marriage is before you have one, and that means being as intentional with love as you are with work. picking your family is about consciously choosing who and what you want rather than just making it work or killing time with whoever happens to be choosing you.
经营你婚姻的最佳时间是你还没结婚的时候，这意味要像你为了工作一样精心谋划。选择你的家庭是有意识地去选择你想要的人和事，而不是为了结婚或者消磨时光，任意选择一个正好选择你的人。
so what happened to emma? well, we went through that address book, and she found an old roommate's cousin who worked at an art museum in another state. that weak tie helped her get a job there. that job offer gave her the reason to leave that live-in boyfriend.
emma发生了什么变化呢?我们翻了一遍通讯录，她发现她原来的舍友的表妹在另一个州的一家艺术博物馆工作。这层远关系帮助她在那里得到一份工作。这份工作给她一个理由离开她那同居的男友。
now, five years later, she's a special events planner for museums. she's married to a man she mindfully chose. she loves her new career, she loves her new family, and she sent me a card that said, "now the emergency contact blanks don't seem big enough."
现在五年过去了，她是一名博物馆特别活动策划者。她和一个她用心选择的男人结婚了。她爱她的事业，她爱她的新家，她寄给我一张贺卡写道，“现在紧急联系栏似乎不够填呢。”
now emma's story made that sound easy, but that's what i love about working with twentysomethings. they are so easy to help. twentysomethings are like airplanes just leaving lax, bound for somewhere west. right after takeoff, a slight change in course is the difference between landing in alaska or fiji.
emma的故事听起来简单，这正是为什么我爱和20多岁人打交道。帮助20多岁的人很容易。20多岁就像离开洛杉矶飞往西部某处的飞机，起飞之后，一点小小变化都会影响到它最终将降落在阿拉斯加还是斐济。
likewise, at 21 or 25 or even 29, one good conversation, one good break, one good ted talk, can have an enormous effect across years and even generations to come. so here's an idea worth spreading to every twentysomething you know.
同理，在你21岁，25岁甚至29岁的时候，一次好的谈话、好的休息、好的ted演讲，能在未来的几年甚至几代人的时间里带来巨大的影响。因此这个想法值得传达给每一个你所认识的20多岁人。
it's as simple as what i learned to say to alex. it's what i now have the privilege of saying to twentysomethings like emma every single day: thirty is not the new 20, so claim your adulthood, get some identity capital, use your weak ties, pick your family. don't be defined by what you didn't know or didn't do. you're deciding your life right now. thank you.
这想法就像我后来告诉alex的话一样简单。我应该每天都对像emma这样的20多岁的人说：30岁不是一个新的20岁，所以规划好你的成年生活，获得一些身份认同资本，利用你的远关系，选择你的家庭。不要被你所不知道的，从未做过的事所禁锢。你现在的作为决定着你的人生。谢谢。
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